Embodiments of the present invention provide a unique new approach to generating operating condition information used for assessing flow assurance and structural integrity. More specifically, apparatuses, systems and methods configured in accordance with embodiments of the present invention enable multiplexed arrangement of optical fiber for sensing of operating conditions within a structural member and utilize fiber optic sensors for enabling monitoring of operating condition information within one or more elongated tubular members. To this end, fiber optic sensors are strategically placed at a plurality of locations along a length of each elongated tubular member thereby allowing critical operating conditions such as strain, temperature and pressure of the elongated tubular member and/or a fluid therein to be monitored. A multiplexing unit is used for allowing selective configuration of individual lengths of optical fiber for creating one or more contiguous optical fiber structures.

An optical cable (31) includes: a stress wave detection optical cable (30) having an optical fiber (7) and a plurality of first steel wires (8) which are helically wound so as to surround the optical fiber (7) and which are surrounded by a flexible material (9); and second steel wires (32) different from the first steel wires (8). The stress wave detection optical cable (30) and the plurality of second steel wires (32) are helically wound to form one annular body as a whole, and a winding angle () of the stress wave detection optical cable (30) with respect to the axis is determined by a property value prescribed by Lam constants of the flexible material (9).

Embodiments of the present invention provide a unique new approach to generating operating condition information used for assessing flow assurance and structural integrity. More specifically, apparatuses, systems and methods configured in accordance with embodiments of the present invention enable multiplexed arrangement of optical fiber for sensing of operating conditions within a structural member and utilize fiber optic sensors for enabling monitoring of operating condition information within one or more elongated tubular members. To this end, fiber optic sensors are strategically placed at a plurality of locations along a length of each elongated tubular member thereby allowing critical operating conditions such as strain, temperature and pressure of the elongated tubular member and/or a fluid therein to be monitored. A multiplexing unit is used for allowing selective configuration of individual lengths of optical fiber for creating one or more contiguous optical fiber structures.

A human body sensing mat can sense the movement of a human body and analyze a user's sleep. The human body sensing mat may include a substrate; a plurality of fiber sensors for generating signals according to a distance to a specific object; a sensor array disposed on the substrate; a shield layer for covering the sensor array; and a driving unit for applying a voltage to the sensor array. Each of the fiber sensors is disposed on a central portion of the substrate and on both ends of the substrate. The fiber sensors that are respectively disposed in the central portion and end portions of the mat can sense the user's breathing, tossing and turning, and the like regardless of the user's posture. Accordingly, the user's sleep can be analyzed regardless of the user's posture.

An in-situ, non-destructive sensor device, system and method are provided to detect or assess fouling at a very early stage of development. They can be used to detect or assess fouling on a surface of an aquatic system. They can be used to obtain a depth profile of the fouling. Data concerning the depth profile can be extracted and used to assess the fouling on the surface. In one or more aspects, the method can include providing an optical tomography spectrometer; optically positioning the optical tomography spectrometer in association with a surface of an area to be assessed for fouling in an aqueous system; irradiating the surface; acquiring, from irradiating the surface, a plurality of signals as a function of a distance from the surface at different times; extracting data from the signals as a function of the distance to obtain a depth profile of the surface at the different times; and determining a change in the depth profile between the different times to assess fouling on the surface.

Particle detection device comprising a support, a platform for receiving particles, four beams suspending the platform from the support, such that the platform can be made to vibrate, means for making said platform vibrate at a resonance frequency, means for detecting the displacement of the platform in a direction of displacement. Each beam has a length l, a width L and a thickness e and the platform has a dimension in the direction of displacement of the platform and in which in a device with out of plane mode l10L and the dimension of each beam in the direction of displacement of the platform is at least 10 times smaller than the dimension of the platform in the direction of displacement.

An image processing apparatus and method for detecting a position of a rotating optical fiber is provided. The apparatus includes at least one rotating optical fiber that rotates about an axis of rotation and that emits light towards a surface and at least two stationary fibers for transmitting light reflected from a surface, each of the at least two stationary fibers having a known predetermined position relative to each other and to the axis of rotation of the at least one rotating optical fiber. At least one detector is configured to detect an intensity of light transmitted through each of the at least two stationary fibers within a given time interval and at least one calculator is configured to use the detected intensities and the known predetermined positions of each of the at least two stationary fibers to determine a relative angular position of the rotating optical fiber with respect to the at least two stationary fibers.

A system and method for forming a sensor. The method includes forming a template and forming a hydroxy double salt layer intermediate. The method further includes forming a metal-organic framework (MOF) film. A method of forming a sensor. One embodiment of the method includes forming a template and forming a hydroxy double salt layer intermediate. The method further includes forming a metal-organic framework (MOF) film and forming a hybrid MOF/conducting metal oxide structure.

A fibre optic sensing device is provided. The fibre optic sensing device comprises a plurality of optical fibre portions, wherein each optical fibre portion is arranged to receive laser light from a common laser and reflect the laser light to a common detector, wherein each optical fibre portion comprises a first reflector spaced from a distal end of the optical fibre portion and a second reflector at the distal end, wherein each optical fibre portion comprises a sensor provided at the respective distal end of the optical fibre portion, the sensor comprising a third reflector the position of which varies depending on a value of a property being sensed, wherein a distance between the first and second reflectors is different for each of the optical fibre portions.

The subject matter of this specification can be embodied in, among other things, a method for removing intermodal distortion that includes receiving a collection of distorted backscattered Rayleigh signals from a collection of modes of an optical fiber, where the collection of distorted backscattered Rayleigh signals are distorted by an intermodal coupling among the collection of modes, receiving a collection of distortion parameters that are descriptive of distortion effects of the intermodal coupling, and determining an undistorted backscattered Rayleigh signal based on the collection of distorted backscattered Rayleigh signals and the collection of distortion parameters.