Methods of determining a force associated with a valve system include wirelessly sensing a position of at least a portion of the conductive material with the at least one inductance-to-digital converter (LDC) sensor and determining a force applied to a portion of the valve system based at least partially on the position of the at least a portion of the conductive material. Valve systems include at least one component comprising a conductive material and at least one inductance-to-digital converter (LDC) configured to wirelessly sense a position of at least a portion of the conductive material. The valve system is configured to determine at least one force applied to a portion of the valve system based at least partially on the position of the at least a portion of the conductive material.

A linear and curvilinear encoder is provided in which absolute mechanical position and high resolution position determination can be obtained using a cart having a mover with hybrid teeth, configured in a curvilinear profile or shape, moving along a curvilinear track with a stator having teeth. The absolute mechanical position and high resolution position determination can be detected on the track by applying an excitation signal to a coil surrounding particular teeth of the stator to produce an electromagnetic (EM) field which can be influenced by the profile or shape of the teeth of the mover. A resulting pick-up signal can then be detected in a pick-up coil surrounding particular teeth of the stator with different harmonics in the pick-up signal corresponding to harmonics of the profile or shape of the teeth.

Valve systems and related methods include at least one component comprising a conductive material and at least one inductance-to-digital converter (LDC) configured to wirelessly sense a position of the portion of the conductive material.

A rotary encoder may include a magnetic encoder disc having a plurality of magnetic features added to the disc by additive manufacturing distributed over a surface of the encoder disc, wherein the disc is configured for attachment to the end of a rotatable shaft, or a cylindrical metallic encoding feature having a plurality of magnetic features added to the cylindrical encoder by additive manufacturing distributed over the surface of the cylindrical encoding feature, wherein the encoding feature is capable of attachment to an outer diameter of the rotatable shaft. The encoder additionally includes a magnetic sensor positioned adjacent to the end of the rotatable shaft to detect magnetic signals from the magnetic features on the disc and/or positioned over the surface of the rotatable shaft to detect magnetic signals from the magnetic features on the encoding feature.

A transfer case with an actuator for operating a two-speed transmission (i.e., range mechanism) and a clutch (i.e., mode mechanism). The actuator employs a motor-driven cam structure that coordinates the movement of a first fork, which is associated with the range mechanism, and a second fork that is associated with the mode mechanism. A resilient coupling is employed to provide compliance between the motor and the cam structure in the event that tooth-on-tooth contact inhibits the range mechanism from changing from a high-range mode and a low range mode or tooth-on-tooth contact inhibits the mode mechanism from changing between a two-wheel drive mode and a four-wheel drive mode. A sensor target and sensor are employed to identify the rotational positioning of the cam structure placement, which is indicative of the modes in which the transmission and the clutch are operating.

A shifting device with two positive-locking shifting element halves includes a positive connection between the shifting element halves that is able to be established or released. The respective prevailing operating states of the shifting element halves are determined through a sensor device. The surface areas of an encoder contour relative to a measuring device are formed in a convex or concave manner, whereas a perpendicular gap between the surface areas of the encoder contour and a permanent magnet, starting from a joint area between the surface areas in the direction of an end area of the surface areas increases or decreases in each case.

Valve systems include at least one component comprising a conductive material and at least one inductance-to-digital converter (LDC) configured to wirelessly sense a position of at least a portion of the conductive material. The valve system is configured to determine at least one force applied to a portion of the valve system based at least partially on the position of the at least a portion of the conductive material. Methods of determining a force associated with a valve system include wirelessly sensing a position of at least a portion of the conductive material with the at least one inductance-to-digital converter (LDC) sensor and determining a force applied to a portion of the valve system based at least partially on the position of the at least a portion of the conductive material.

A resolver includes a rotor attached to a shaft of a rotating body, a stator, an excitation circuit, and an angle computation unit configured to compute a rotation angle of the rotor. Each tooth of the stator has line-symmetry with respect to a line connecting a center of a core back of the stator and centers of the teeth in a circumferential direction as viewed from an axial direction. A rotor outline is expressed by a function Rr(x(?), y(?)) defined by Equations (1) to (3), where an x and a y axes are axes of an orthogonal coordinate system having a center of the shaft as an origin, and an angle from a reference axis is ?, where a minimum distance from the center of the core back to the teeth is Ri, and a maximum distance is Ro, and a number of salient poles of the rotor is Nx.

A rotation angle detection device including: a rotor; a stator including b (b3) magnetic detection portions (MDPs) each including a bias magnetic field generation portion and a magnetic detection element (MDE); and a rotation angle processor calculating a rotation angle of the rotor based on a detection by the (MDEs). The rotor has convex and concave portions (CCPs), which change in x cycles for a mechanical angle 360 (x1) to make the MDEs possible to obtain a sine wave. There are arranged b MDPs along a circumferential direction of the stator for each cycle of the CCPs, which are arranged at intervals of a mechanical angle 360(nb+m)/(xb), where n (n0) represents, by a number of cycles, a deviation amount of each of the MDPs from a reference position in the circumferential direction, and m (1mb) represents a position of a MDP in an arrangement order.

Embodiments relate to a vehicle including a chassis that is moveable in a driving direction, two rear wheels moveably carrying the chassis on the rear side seen in the driving direction, two front wheels moveably carrying the chassis on the front side seen in the driving direction, a steering wheel for turning a steering column around a rotation axis for steering the front wheels, and a steering angle sensor for measuring a rotation angle of the steering column around the rotation axis with an encoder that is stationary to the steering column and with a magnet sensor that is disposed axially displaced distance from the encoder on the rotation axis.