A method may include obtaining first pressure data regarding a first pressure sensor upstream from a restricted orifice and second pressure data regarding a second pressure sensor downstream from the restricted orifice. The method may further include obtaining temperature data regarding a temperature sensor coupled to the restricted orifice. The method may further include obtaining various gas parameters regarding a predetermined gas flowing through the restricted orifice and various orifice parameters regarding the restricted orifice. The method may further include determining a first gas flow rate of the predetermined gas based on a gas flow model, the first pressure data, the second pressure data, the temperature data, the gas parameters, and the orifice parameters.

A flow sensor includes a fluid chamber configured to receive a fluid. A diaphragm assembly is configured to be displaced whenever the fluid within the fluid chamber is displaced. A transducer assembly is configured to monitor the displacement of the diaphragm assembly and generate a signal based, at least in part, upon the quantity of fluid displaced within the fluid chamber.

A flow sensor includes a fluid chamber configured to receive a fluid. A diaphragm assembly is configured to be displaced whenever the fluid within the fluid chamber is displaced. A transducer assembly is configured to monitor the displacement of the diaphragm assembly and generate a signal based, at least in part, upon the quantity of fluid displaced within the fluid chamber.

A control unit 3 of a flow rate control system 1 comprises: a recording unit 31 for recording measured values of a pressure sensor P and a temperature sensor T, a storage unit 32 for storing volume data between a first valve V1 and a second valve V2 corresponding to the measured value of the pressure sensor P, and an arithmetic unit 33 for calculating a flow rate based on a first pressure value P1 and a first temperature value T1 measured after opening the first valve V1 and the second valve V2 to flow a gas and then closing the first valve V1 and the second valve V2 simultaneously in a state where the gas is flowing; a second pressure value P2 and a second temperature value T2 measured after opening the first valve V1 and the second valve V2 to flow a gas, closing the second valve V2 in a state where the gas is flowing, and then closing the first valve V1 after a predetermined time Δt has elapsed; and a volume value V between the first valve V1 and the second valve V2 which corresponds to the second pressure value P2.

In a method of monitoring fluid usage in a fluid system, a proportional control valve is provided, including a valve element operable to control fluid flow from a fluid source to the fluid system. A first pressure upstream of the valve element and a second pressure downstream of the valve element are measured to identify a pressure differential across the valve element. In response to the identified pressure differential, the valve element is adjusted to one of a plurality of flow positions to adjust the pressure differential across the valve element to substantially match a predetermined pressure differential. A flow rate through the proportional control valve is determined based on the first pressure, the second pressure, and the adjusted flow position of the valve element. Based on the determined flow rate over time, an amount of fluid usage in the fluid system is determined.

In a method of monitoring fluid usage in a fluid system, a proportional control valve is provided, including a valve element operable to control fluid flow from a fluid source to the fluid system. A first pressure upstream of the valve element and a second pressure downstream of the valve element are measured to identify a pressure differential across the valve element. In response to the identified pressure differential, the valve element is adjusted to one of a plurality of flow positions to adjust the pressure differential across the valve element to substantially match a predetermined pressure differential. A flow rate through the proportional control valve is determined based on the first pressure, the second pressure, and the adjusted flow position of the valve element. Based on the determined flow rate over time, an amount of fluid usage in the fluid system is determined.

The method comprises producing a measurement signal (s1) having a signal parameter, followed with a temporal change (Δx1/Δt; Δx1′/Δt) of a primary measured variable (x1) and a temporal change (Δy1/Δt) of a disturbing variable (Δ1), and producing a measurement signal (s2) having a signal parameter, followed by a temporal change (Δx2/Δt; Δx2′/Δt) of a primary measured variable (x2). The method comprises ascertaining measured values (X.sub.I) of first type representing the primary measured variable (x1) or a secondary measured variable (f(x1) Δx1′) of measured values (X.sub.II) of second type representing the primary measured variable (x2) or a secondary measured variable (f(x2) Δx2′). The method comprises using measured values (X.sub.I) of first type and measured values (X.sub.II) of second type for ascertaining an error characterizing number (Err) representing a velocity error (ΔX.sub.I/ΔX.sub.II) caused by a change of the disturbing variable (y1).

A method of determining a degree of clogging of discharge holes of an apparatus for applying a coating medium to an object, the method including conducting air through the discharge holes; determining an output air pressure between an air flow regulator of the apparatus and the discharge holes, the air flow regulator being arranged to regulate a flow of the air; and determining a degree of clogging of the discharge holes based on the output air pressure. An apparatus for applying a coating medium to an object, a calibration system including an apparatus and a blocking device, an industrial robot including an apparatus, and a method of determining clogging characteristics of an apparatus, are also provided.

A method of determining a degree of clogging of discharge holes of an apparatus for applying a coating medium to an object, the method including conducting air through the discharge holes; determining an output air pressure between an air flow regulator of the apparatus and the discharge holes, the air flow regulator being arranged to regulate a flow of the air; and determining a degree of clogging of the discharge holes based on the output air pressure. An apparatus for applying a coating medium to an object, a calibration system including an apparatus and a blocking device, an industrial robot including an apparatus, and a method of determining clogging characteristics of an apparatus, are also provided.

The invention relates to a fire-extinguishing facility comprising an extinguishing fluid line for transporting an extinguishing fluid, a plurality of sprinklers connected to the extinguishing fluid line in a fluid-guiding manner which are closed in a standby state and open in an extinguishing state in order to supply the extinguishing fluid, and a flow-measuring device associated with the extinguishing fluid line. According to the invention, the flow-measuring device is designed to approximately detect a volume flow of the extinguishing fluid transported in the extinguishing fluid line, and an evaluation unit is provided and designed to assign a number of open sprinklers to the approximately detected volume flow.