An odor reproducing apparatus of a HVAC system for the vehicle may include an odor reproducing device configured to reproduce and evaluate odor by applying a HVAC system module, a heat exchange outdoor device mounted at one side of the odor reproducing device to control a temperature and humidity of an experimental space, and a control device mounted at one side of the odor reproducing device and the heat exchange outdoor device to control an operation of the odor reproducing device and an operation of the heat exchange outdoor device to implement a field environment and vehicle conditions for evaluating an odor improvement effect of the HVAC system reflecting an odor reduction technology.

Various embodiments provide a leaching solution monitoring module comprising a first leaching solution distribution system interface, a flow meter in fluid communication with the first leaching solution distribution system interface, the flow meter in fluid communication a 3-way pressure regulator, and a second leaching solution distribution system interface in fluid communication with the 3-way pressure regulator.

A volume fraction meter that includes a flow meter coupled to a flow line. The flow line includes a turned portion and the flow meter is positioned upstream from the turned portion with respect to a flow direction. The flow meter is configured to measure a volumetric flow rate of a multiphase fluid flowing in the flow direction through the flow line. The flow line includes a nozzle opening downstream the turned portion. The volume fraction meter also includes a strain gauge coupled to the flow line between the flow meter and the turned portion of the flow line. The strain gauge is configured to measure a bending strain on the flow line upon discharge of the multiphase fluid through the nozzle opening, such that the bending strain and the volumetric flow-rate provide inputs for determining a mixture density of the multiphase fluid.

Various implementations described herein are directed to a petrochemical measurement system. A remote terminal unit includes a network data server. A human machine interface may be an autonomous network data client in communication with the remote terminal unit. The human machine interface may include: a memory having configuration parameter software stored thereon; a user interface configured to receive configuration parameter input using the configuration parameter software; and a processor configured to send the configuration parameters received from the user interface of the HMI to the remote terminal unit.

A new DP meter diagnostic system for wet gas flow builds on existing diagnostic techniques. Based on new diagnostic parameters and calculations derived from them, blocked pressure ports or impulse lines can be identified or wet gas established as the cause of an abnormal reading. Further diagnostic techniques can take advantage of the new diagnostic parameters to predict a liquid loading parameter, gas flow rate and fluid flow rate for wet gas flow.

A new DP meter diagnostic system for wet gas flow builds on existing diagnostic techniques. Based on new diagnostic parameters and calculations derived from them, blocked pressure ports or impulse lines can be identified or wet gas established as the cause of an abnormal reading. Further diagnostic techniques can take advantage of the new diagnostic parameters to predict a liquid loading parameter, gas flow rate and fluid flow rate for wet gas flow.

A method for determining an estimated flow rate of fluid flow in a pump comprises: obtaining measurements of the pressure and temperature of fluid at the intake to the pump, the pressure and temperature of the fluid at the discharge from the pump, and the electrical power supplied to the pump; determining values representing either the density of the fluid and the specific heat capacity of the fluid, or the specific fluid enthalpy based on measurements and/or historical data; and calculating an estimated efficiency of the pump and an estimated flow rate of the fluid based on the measured electrical power, the measured temperatures, the measured pressures, the determined value for density and the determined value for specific heat capacity or the determined value for specific fluid enthalpy.

A method for determining an estimated flow rate of fluid flow in a pump comprises: obtaining measurements of the pressure and temperature of fluid at the intake to the pump, the pressure and temperature of the fluid at the discharge from the pump, and the electrical power supplied to the pump; determining values representing either the density of the fluid and the specific heat capacity of the fluid, or the specific fluid enthalpy based on measurements and/or historical data; and calculating an estimated efficiency of the pump and an estimated flow rate of the fluid based on the measured electrical power, the measured temperatures, the measured pressures, the determined value for density and the determined value for specific heat capacity or the determined value for specific fluid enthalpy.

A hydraulic pressure source includes an oil tank for storing hydraulic oil, a hydraulic pump, a motor for driving this hydraulic pump, and an inverter for changing a rotational frequency of the motor. A pipe line for drawing the hydraulic oil from the oil tank by operation of the hydraulic pump branches to a supply pipe line for supplying the hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder, and a release pipe line for releasing superfluous hydraulic oil into the oil tank. The release pipe line has arranged thereon a pressure regulating mechanism and a flowmeter which measures a flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing into the release pipe line. Based on a measurement value of the flowmeter, the inverter is operable to change the rotational frequency of the motor to become a necessary minimum rotational frequency.

A hydraulic pressure source includes an oil tank for storing hydraulic oil, a hydraulic pump, a motor for driving this hydraulic pump, and an inverter for changing a rotational frequency of the motor. A pipe line for drawing the hydraulic oil from the oil tank by operation of the hydraulic pump branches to a supply pipe line for supplying the hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder, and a release pipe line for releasing superfluous hydraulic oil into the oil tank. The release pipe line has arranged thereon a pressure regulating mechanism and a flowmeter which measures a flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing into the release pipe line. Based on a measurement value of the flowmeter, the inverter is operable to change the rotational frequency of the motor to become a necessary minimum rotational frequency.