Method for automatically, with the aid of a processor, determining a surface degeneration of a first surface of a urine handling system, the first surface being intended to come into contact with urine, the method comprises the following main steps: a) repeatedly measuring one or more capacitive values of the first surface, forming capacitive measurements; b) storing all, or representative instants of the capacitive measurements; c) deciding, based on changes of the stored capacitive measurements, that a significant surface degeneration of the first surface has occurred.

In a gas flow monitoring method using a MFC (a flow control device) for controlling a flow rate of process gas from a process gas supply source and supply the process gas to a predetermined process chamber, a start shut-off valve placed upstream of the MFC, and a pressure gauge placed between the start shut-off valve and the MFC, the start shut-off valve is closed and a drop of pressure on an upstream side of the MFC is measured by the pressure gauge to measure a flow rate of the MFC, thereafter, the start shut-off valve is opened to monitor the flow rate of the MFC. The MFC is switched from an ON state to an OFF state before the start shut-off valve is opened. The method enables in-line monitoring a low rate of process gas without affecting a semiconductor manufacturing process.

There is provided a water exchange meter being capable of automatically and continuously measuring the water exchange at the surface water/sediment interface in which a saturated vertical hydraulic conductivity of the sediment from the hydraulic head difference between a chamber and a storage pipe at a measurement location is measured, and after the measurement of the saturated vertical hydraulic conductivity, while the measurement device used in the measurement of the vertical hydraulic conductivity is maintained, a vertical hydraulic gradient between upper and lower portions of a chamber is continuously measured in situ.

There is provided a water exchange meter being capable of automatically and continuously measuring the water exchange at the surface water/sediment interface in which a saturated vertical hydraulic conductivity of the sediment from the hydraulic head difference between a chamber and a storage pipe at a measurement location is measured, and after the measurement of the saturated vertical hydraulic conductivity, while the measurement device used in the measurement of the vertical hydraulic conductivity is maintained, a vertical hydraulic gradient between upper and lower portions of a chamber is continuously measured in situ.

Systems and methods are described for liquid removal to increase the accuracy of gas flow meters, such as venturi meters. Systems and methods include a liquid knockout drum, an impingement plate, a drum separator, and a check valve.

A method of tracking liquid consumption for a bottle assembly may include sensing a dispensing operation of an external liquid dispenser. The method may further include determining an identity of the external liquid dispenser based on sensing the dispensing operation of the external liquid dispenser. The method may also include adjusting the flow assembly in response to determining the identity of the external liquid dispenser. The flow assembly may define a filter position and a bypass position. The method may also include measuring liquid data of the liquid reservoir following adjusting the flow assembly.

A method of tracking liquid consumption for a bottle assembly may include sensing a dispensing operation of an external liquid dispenser. The method may further include determining an identity of the external liquid dispenser based on sensing the dispensing operation of the external liquid dispenser. The method may also include adjusting the flow assembly in response to determining the identity of the external liquid dispenser. The flow assembly may define a filter position and a bypass position. The method may also include measuring liquid data of the liquid reservoir following adjusting the flow assembly.

A method of tracking liquid consumption for a bottle assembly may include sensing a dispensing operation of an external liquid dispenser. The method may further include determining an identity of the external liquid dispenser based on sensing the dispensing operation of the external liquid dispenser. The method may also include adjusting the flow assembly in response to determining the identity of the external liquid dispenser. The flow assembly may define a filter position and a bypass position. The method may also include measuring liquid data of the liquid reservoir following adjusting the flow assembly.

A method of tracking liquid consumption for a bottle assembly may include sensing a dispensing operation of an external liquid dispenser. The method may further include determining an identity of the external liquid dispenser based on sensing the dispensing operation of the external liquid dispenser. The method may also include adjusting the flow assembly in response to determining the identity of the external liquid dispenser. The flow assembly may define a filter position and a bypass position. The method may also include measuring liquid data of the liquid reservoir following adjusting the flow assembly.

Disclosed is a fluid parameter measurement device with an annular gap, including a base, a core column, and a swing block. The base is fixed to the core column and pivot-connected to the swing block. The core column penetrates a through hole in the swing block, sealed at both ends with elastic sealing rings to form an annular gap between a wall of the core column and that of the through hole. The core column contains fluid inlet and outlet channels connecting both ends of the annular gap, directing pressurized liquid through the annular gap. An adjustment assembly on the base alters core column-to-through hole concentricity while maintaining parallelism, enabling flow measurement under varying pressures or at constant pressure with adjustable eccentricity. The design simplifies experimental operations through precise concentricity regulation and eccentricity-based gap state control.