An apparatus includes a substrate, a light emitter mounted on the substrate, and a light receiver, including a light sensitive region, mounted on the substrate. The substrate includes one or more light blocking vias arranged to prevent at least some light produced by the light emitter from traveling through the substrate and thereby generating optical cross-talk in the light receiver.

A photodetection device includes a photodetection element and a package. The photodetection element includes a semiconductor substrate and a light absorption film. The light absorption film is provided on a region of at least a part of a region around a photodetection region on a principal surface of the semiconductor substrate. The light absorption film has a multi-layer structure including a light absorption layer, a resonance layer, and a reflection layer. At a wavelength of detection target light, a light transmittance inside the resonance layer is larger than a light transmittance inside the light absorption layer, and a light reflectance on a surface of the reflection layer is larger than a light reflectance on a surface of the resonance layer.

A system and method. The system may include a head-up display (HUD). The HUD may include a positionable combiner optical element (COE) and a combiner alignment detector (CAD) configured to conform images displayed on the positionable COE with a view through the positionable COE. The CAD may include a mirror that moves with the positionable COE, an infrared (IR) emitter configured to emit IR pulses onto the mirror with a duty cycle of less than 1% such that an average time-based radiance of the IR pulses is compatible with a night vision imaging system (NVIS), and an IR detector configured to receive the IR pulses reflected off of the mirror.

The present disclosure sets forth a motion sensing outdoor security light with the flexibility of being mounted to either a wall structure or to an eave or ceiling structure. An adjustable spherical motion sensor housing may be provided with the rotationally adjustable outdoor security light, allowing easy adjustment of motion detection ranges under different mounting schemes without comprising the aesthetic design of the light. The adjustable spherical motion sensor housing may also provide an enlarged horizontal field of view for better performance.

This application provides a structure of the optical sensor, in which a photosensitive element is arranged on a substrate, a colloid layer is arranged on the upper part of the substrate and covers the photosensitive element, and a thin film is further arranged. The device includes an adhesive layer and a light-transmitting layer, the adhesive layer is disposed above one of the colloid layers, the light-transmitting layer is disposed above one of the adhesive layers, and the structure can be used to provide the film member that can be changed according to requirements The optical design reduces the production cost of the optical sensor; this application further provides a shielding layer between the film member and the colloid layer to improve the photosensitive efficiency of the optical sensor.

A determination method determines a difference voltage between a breakdown voltage and a bias voltage. A temperature compensation unit provides temperature compensation for the gain of the APD by controlling the bias voltage based on the difference voltage. The bias voltage is “V.sub.r”, and the gain of the APD to which the bias voltage is applied is “M”. The slope and intercept of the regression line having “(1/M)×(dM/dV.sub.r)” as an objective variable and “M” as an explanatory variable in data indicating the correlation between the bias voltage and the gain are obtained. “ΔV” calculated by substituting the slope into “a” in the Equation (1), substituting the intercept into “b” in the Equation (1), and substituting a gain to be set in an avalanche photodiode of a light detection device into “M.sub.d” in the Equation (1) is determined as the difference voltage. $\left[\mathrm{Equation}1\right]$$\begin{array}{cc}\Delta V=\frac{1}{b}\log \left(\frac{b\text{/}a}{M_d}+1\right)& \left(1\right)\end{array}$

A photonic integrated circuit including a substrate, a plurality of oxide layers on the substrate, and various passive and active integrated optical components in the plurality of oxide layers. The integrated optical components include silicon nitride waveguides, a Pockets effect phase shifter (e.g., BaTiO.sub.3 phase shifter), a superconductive nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD), an optical isolation structure surrounding the SNSPD, a single photon generator, a thermal isolation structure, a heater, a temperature sensor, a photodiode for data communication (e.g., a Ge photodiode), or a combination thereof.

A photoelectric conversion apparatus includes a semiconductor substrate, a plurality of avalanche diodes formed within the semiconductor substrate, the plurality of avalanche diodes including a first avalanche diode and a second avalanche diode, and a trench structure formed between the first avalanche diode and the second avalanche diode in a plan view. Each of the avalanche diodes includes a first semiconductor region of a first conductivity type and a second semiconductor region of a second conductivity type. A contact plug for supplying a potential to the second semiconductor region of the first avalanche diode is formed, and the contact plug is provided at a position where the contact plug overlaps with the trench structure in a plan view.

An optoelectronic module including a light emitter to generate light to be emitted from the module; a plurality of spatially distributed light sensitive elements arranged to detect light from the emitter that is reflected by an object outside the module; and one or more dedicated spurious-reflection detection pixels.

The present disclosure sets forth a motion sensing outdoor security light with the flexibility of being mounted to either a wall structure or to an eave or ceiling structure. An adjustable spherical motion sensor housing may be provided with the rotationally adjustable outdoor security light, allowing easy adjustment of motion detection ranges under different mounting schemes without comprising the aesthetic design of the light. The adjustable spherical motion sensor housing may also provide an enlarged horizontal field of view for better performance.