A multi-function controller, comprising a control element, a support element, at least a first light emitter and at least a first light receiver. A multi-function controller, comprising a control element, at least a first magnet and at least a first sensor. In some aspects, one or more occluders is provided. In some aspects, a control element is rotatable and/or tiltable, and/or the control element can be pushed or pulled, and movement of the control element is detected optically or by Hall effect sensors. In some aspects, an icon cap is not rotatable. A method comprising rotating and/or tilting a control element on a multi-function controller, and detecting a position of the control element.

An optoelectronic sensor component for measuring light may include a first signal channel, a second signal channel, a first light-sensitive detection assembly, a second light-sensitive detection assembly, a further light-sensitive detection assembly, and an assigned further signal channel. The first signal channel may provide a first electrical signal, which represents the intensity of light incident on the sensor component. The second signal channel may provide a second electrical signal representing the intensity of the light incident on the sensor component. The first and second light-sensitive detection assemblies may generate the first and second electrical signals, respectively, and be assigned to the first and second signal channels, respectively. Both detection assemblies may have an identical spectral sensitivity and are thus redundant with respect to one another. The spectral sensitivity of both detection assemblies may have a photopic profile. The further light-sensitive detection assembly may be configured for detecting only infrared light.

A photon counting device includes a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion element configured to convert input light to charge, and an amplifier configured to amplify the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element and convert the charge to a voltage, an A/D converter configured to convert the voltages output from the amplifiers of the plurality of pixels to digital values; and a conversion unit configured to convert the digital value output from the A/D converter to the number of photons by referring to reference data, for each of the plurality of pixels, and the reference data is created based on a gain and an offset value for each of the plurality of pixels.

The invention provides a system and related equipment for the precise measurement of the output characteristic of a light source, e.g., a dental light curing unit (LCU) or light for photodynamic therapy, using a light collector, a light detector, and a computer programmed to deliver the value of the output characteristic of the light source to the user. The systems allow for the determination of a proper 5 exposure time or the selection of a light source as needed for a specific application. The invention also provides a light device.

An infrared light source radiates, to an ATR prism, infrared light in entirety or part of a wavelength range with absorption wavelengths of a biological material. The ATR prism is adherable to a measurement skin. A prism vibration controller is mounted on the ATR prism and vibrates the ATR prism perpendicular to a contact surface between the ATR prism and the measurement skin. A controller causes an infrared photodetector to detect infrared light in synchronization with the vibration of the ATR prism.

A determination method includes: obtaining measurement data; selecting 0 or more second wavelengths from a plurality of first wavelengths including at least one of a plurality of measurement wavelengths to generate a plurality of individuals, by using a genetic algorithm; inputting, to a first model learned to reproduce a correct answer label of a target object, the measurement data of the target object belonging to a remaining group and a second spectroscopic spectrum determined by the second wavelength to discriminate a label of the target object belonging to the remaining group, for each of the plurality of individuals; and determining whether or not to use the second wavelength as the wavelength of the spectroscopic spectrum for discrimination based on a rate at which the label is correctly discriminated.

The present invention provides a photosensor device, which can cancel a dark current in 1-2 milliseconds. This photosensor device utilizes a small capacitor to quickly accumulate and transform the dark current to a dark-current voltage. Based on the dark-current voltage and an environment temperature, a calibration voltage can be obtained. By cancelling the calibration voltage from the sensed voltage to get a light voltage, which can be amplified to a lux signal. The process is very quick and sensitive, so the photosensor device can be used in an environment under a low luminance.

A system for compensating for photodiode errors includes a live photodiode configured to be exposed to a light source and to output a live signal. The system further includes a reference photodiode located proximate to the live photodiode and configured to be isolated from the light source and to output a reference signal. The system further includes a controller configured to generate a compensated output signal by subtracting the reference signal from the live signal.

A patch-type sensor module is provided. A patch-type sensor module according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a power supply unit electrically connected with a flexible circuit board; a sensing unit which is mounted on the flexible circuit board and includes a temperature sensor for measuring a user's body temperature; a communication unit which allows power to be supplied using a wake-up function, wherein a pairing with an external communication module is concurrently established when power is supplied, and information measured through the sensing unit is then transmitted to the external communication module; a control unit for controlling operations of the power supply unit, the sensing unit, and the communication unit; and a protection member for preventing the flexible circuit board, the power supply unit, the sensing unit, the communication unit, and the control unit from being exposed to the outside.

One embodiment provides a pyranometer, including: a dome enclosing a cavity; at least one light emitting source arranged such that light exterior to the dome does not directly impinge on the at least one light emitting source; a diffusor; wherein the at least one light emitting source is configured to emit light substantially directed to a portion of the diffusor, and wherein the diffusor is configured to diffuse the light emitted from the at least one light emitting source on an inner surface of the dome; and one or more first light detecting sensors arranged in the cavity and configured to measure an intensity of the light reflected from the dome and impinging on the one or more first light detecting sensors. Other aspects are described and claimed.