Methods, systems, and apparatus for a stray-light testing apparatus. In one aspect, the apparatus includes an optical assembly including a spatially extended light source and one or more optical elements arranged to direct light from the spatially extended light source along an optical path, a moveable frame supporting the optical assembly including one or more adjustable alignment features for guiding positioning of the stray-light testing apparatus relative to an onboard camera on a vehicle, and a shrouding mechanism attached to the frame and positioned on the frame such that, when the stray-light testing apparatus is aligned relative to the onboard camera on the vehicle and the optical path of the optical assembly is within the field of view of the onboard camera, ambient light exposure for the onboard camera is below a threshold.

A vehicle window with an anisotropic light sensor, has a first glass layer and a second glass layer, wherein an arrangement of light-sensitive elements is arranged, substantially parallel to the first glass layer, between the first glass layer and the second glass layer, wherein the pane furthermore has an aperture such that light can shine through the second glass layer and the aperture onto at least one of the light-sensitive elements, wherein, depending on the direction of incident light, the sensor provides a signal that is indicative of the direction, wherein the arrangement of light-sensitive elements has a camera chip and wherein the arrangement of light-sensitive elements is arranged on a flexible film.

A radiation field measuring device for the characterization of a radiation comprises a detector device and a reconstruction device. The detector device may have at least one detector camera, which contains at least one detector array arranged for the image recording of scattered radiation in a multiplicity of lateral directions that deviate from the longitudinal direction. The reconstruction device may be configured for the tomographic reconstruction of a field density of the scattered radiation in the radiation field.

The invention relates to a method for photometrical charting of a reflectance standard (Z) illuminated by a license plate light (1). A camera (4) releasable by a control unit (5) is arranged and aligned relative to a holding device (3) configured for holding a reflectance standard (Z) in such a way, that a luminance density image (B1, B2) recorded by the camera (4) at least covers the reflective surface (Z.1) of a reflectance standard (Z) held by the holding device (3). A license plate light (1) is arranged in a positioning device (2) which is movable by the control unit (5). The positioning device (2) is controlled by the control unit (5) in such a way that the license plate light (1) arranged therein is traversed to at least one position (P1, P2), optionally to multiple positions (P1, P2) sequentially, relative to the reflectance standard (Z) arranged in the holding device (3) and held there. In each position (P1, P2), recording of at least one luminance density image (B1, B2) is triggered. An overall image (B) is formed from the recorded luminance density images (B1, B2) recorded by the camera (4). Furthermore, the invention relates to an arrangement for performing this method.

A method of determining solar radiation exposure at a predetermined location is provided. The method may include generating a first two-dimensional (2D) matrix including a plurality of elements, wherein each element of the plurality of elements of the first 2D matrix includes an elevation/azimuth pair representing a light ray extending from the predetermined location to one or more positions in the sky. The method may further include generating a second 2D matrix including a plurality of elements, wherein each index of the second 2D matrix includes an associated elevation/azimuth pair of the first 2D matrix. Each element of the plurality of elements of the second 2D matrix represents an amount of solar radiation to impinge on the predetermined location from a direction of a respective elevation/azimuth pair.

The invention relates to a method for photometrical charting of a reflectance standard (Z) illuminated by a license plate light (1). A camera (4) releasable by a control unit (5) is arranged and aligned relative to a holding device (3) configured for holding a reflectance standard (Z) in such a way, that a luminance density image (B1, B2) recorded by the camera (4) at least covers the reflective surface (Z.1) of a reflectance standard (Z) held by the holding device (3). A license plate light (1) is arranged in a positioning device (2) which is movable by the control unit (5). The positioning device (2) is controlled by the control unit (5) in such a way that the license plate light (1) arranged therein is traversed to at least one position (P1, P2), optionally to multiple positions (P1, P2) sequentially, relative to the reflectance standard (Z) arranged in the holding device (3) and held there. In each position (P1, P2), recording of at least one luminance density image (B1, B2) is triggered. An overall image (B) is formed from the recorded luminance density images (B1, B2) recorded by the camera (4). Furthermore, the invention relates to an arrangement for performing this method.

A profiling apparatus includes: a holder rotationally moves around a first fulcrum, and holds a subject; a balancer rotationally moves around a second fulcrum, an intermediate part coupled to holder part and balancer, expands and contracts in a coupling direction, and bends in a direction orthogonal to the coupling direction, in which a position of the first fulcrum, a first gravity center position, a bending position, and a second gravity center position are aligned in this order. The first gravity center position corresponds to a gravity center of a part, which rotationally moves around the first fulcrum, of the subject and the holder in a case where the subject is held. The bending position corresponds to a bending point of the intermediate part. The second gravity center position corresponds to a gravity center of a part, which rotationally moves around the second fulcrum, of the second fulcrum position and balancer.

A receiver (70), suitable for use in a communication assembly configured to operate underwater, the receiver comprising, at least first one or more photodetectors (62a) and second one or more photodetectors (62b), wherein the first one or more photodetectors (62a) define a first detection area which can receive light, and the second one or more photodetectors (62b) define a second detection area which can receive light; at least a first multiplexer (74) which is configurable to selectively electrically connect any of the first one or more photodetectors (62a) or second one or more photodetectors (62b) to a signal detector module (66); a controller (75) which is connected to said least a first multiplexer (74) so that the controller (4) can selectively configure the first multiplexer (74) to electrically connect any of the first one or more photodetectors (62a) or second one or more photodetectors (62b) to the signal detector module (66); wherein, the controller (75) is configured to, configure the first multiplexer (74) to electrically connect the first one or more photodetectors (62a) to the signal detector module (66) and then determine a first quality factor which is which is representative of the quality of a signal output from the first one or more photodetectors (62a) to the signal detector module (66); and configure the first multiplexer (74) to electrically connect the second one or more photodetectors (62b) to the signal detector module (66) and then determine a second quality factor which is representative of the quality of a signal output from the second one or more photodetectors (62b) to the signal detector module (66); and compare the first quality factor and second quality factor to determine which signal output is better quality; and configure the first multiplexer (74) so that the first multiplexer (74) electrically connects whichever of the first one or more photodetectors (62a) or second one or more photodetectors (62b) provides said better quality signal output to the signal detector module (66). There is further provided a communication assembly which has the receiver (70).

Methods, systems, and apparatus for a stray-light testing apparatus. In one aspect, the apparatus includes an optical assembly including a spatially extended light source and one or more optical elements arranged to direct light from the spatially extended light source along an optical path, a moveable frame supporting the optical assembly including one or more adjustable alignment features for guiding positioning of the stray-light testing apparatus relative to an onboard camera on a vehicle, and a shrouding mechanism attached to the frame and positioned on the frame such that, when the stray-light testing apparatus is aligned relative to the onboard camera on the vehicle and the optical path of the optical assembly is within the field of view of the onboard camera, ambient light exposure for the onboard camera is below a threshold.

There is provided in a first form, a detector. The detector includes a photosensitive detector element; and a reflecting surface disposed about and proximal to the photosensitive detector element, wherein the reflecting surface is configured to reflect radiation impinging on the reflecting surface onto the photosensitive detector element; and wherein the reflecting surface is further configured to determine a field of regard greater than a predetermined field of view.