An apparatus includes a substrate, a light emitter mounted on the substrate, and a light receiver, including a light sensitive region, mounted on the substrate. The substrate includes one or more light blocking vias arranged to prevent at least some light produced by the light emitter from traveling through the substrate and thereby generating optical cross-talk in the light receiver.

Methods of accurately estimating erythemaly-weighted UV exposure, such as the UV Index, and sensors adapted for the same.

For calculating an optical sensor's regular-discharge probability, a light detection system includes the optical sensor, an application voltage generating circuit for applying a drive pulse voltage to the optical sensor, a discharge determining portion for detecting the optical sensor's discharge, a first discharge probability calculating portion, a sensitivity parameter storing portion for storing the optical sensor's sensitivity parameters, and a second discharge probability calculating portion for calculating a discharge probability of the optical sensor's regular discharge. The first discharge probability calculating portion calculates a discharge probability in: a first state in which light from an additional light source having a known light quantity is incident on the optical sensor or the additional light source is turned off; and a second state in which the additional light source's turning-on/turning-off status is different from the first state, with the drive pulse voltage's pulse width being the same as the first state.

For calculating an optical sensor's regular-discharge probability, a light detection system includes the optical sensor, an application voltage generating circuit for applying a drive pulse voltage to the optical sensor, a discharge determining portion for detecting the optical sensor's discharge, a first discharge probability calculating portion, a sensitivity parameter storing portion for storing the optical sensor's sensitivity parameters, and a second discharge probability calculating portion for calculating a discharge probability of the optical sensor's regular discharge. The first discharge probability calculating portion calculates a discharge probability in: a first state in which light from an additional light source having a known light quantity is incident on the optical sensor or the additional light source is turned off; and a second state in which the additional light source's turning-on/turning-off status is different from the first state, with the drive pulse voltage's pulse width being the same as the first state.

A method of optical device metrology is provided. The method includes providing a first type of light into a first optical device during a first time period; measuring a quantity of the first type of light transmitted from a first location on the top surface or the bottom surface during the first time period; coating at least a portion of an edge of the one or more edges with a first coating of optically absorbent material during a second time period that occurs after the first time period; providing the first type of light into the first optical device during a third time period that occurs after the second time period; and measuring a quantity of the first type of light transmitted from the first location on the top surface or the bottom surface during the third time period.

A method of optical device metrology is provided. The method includes providing a first type of light into a first optical device during a first time period; measuring a quantity of the first type of light transmitted from a first location on the top surface or the bottom surface during the first time period; coating at least a portion of an edge of the one or more edges with a first coating of optically absorbent material during a second time period that occurs after the first time period; providing the first type of light into the first optical device during a third time period that occurs after the second time period; and measuring a quantity of the first type of light transmitted from the first location on the top surface or the bottom surface during the third time period.

A portable lamp assembly includes a spine member, a first and second side panel rotatably connected to the spine member, and a pair of first and second tangent links prismatically and rotatably operably coupled to the first and second side panel. Each of the tangent links has a plurality of vertical adjustment positions disposed between an upper and lower portion. The spine member and the first and second side panels have at least one source of light connected thereto. The first side panel and the second side panel can be rotated between an open position to allow the sources of light emit light towards a target area and a closed position for storage of the portable lamp assembly. The portable lamp assembly is free standing in the open position to allow the portable lamp assembly to be used without any external support.

A portable lamp assembly includes a spine member, a first and second side panel rotatably connected to the spine member, and a pair of first and second tangent links prismatically and rotatably operably coupled to the first and second side panel. Each of the tangent links has a plurality of vertical adjustment positions disposed between an upper and lower portion. The spine member and the first and second side panels have at least one source of light connected thereto. The first side panel and the second side panel can be rotated between an open position to allow the sources of light emit light towards a target area and a closed position for storage of the portable lamp assembly. The portable lamp assembly is free standing in the open position to allow the portable lamp assembly to be used without any external support.

A light-emitting device includes a wiring substrate, a base member provided on the wiring substrate, a light-emitting element array that has a first side surface and a second side surface facing each other, that has a third side surface and a fourth side surface facing each other and connecting the first side surface and the second side surface, and that is provided on the base member, a drive unit that is provided on the wiring substrate at a side of the first side surface and drives the light-emitting element array, a first circuit element that is provided on the base member at the side of the first side surface, a second circuit element that is provided on the base member at a side of the second side surface and has a larger occupation area on the base member than the first circuit element, and wiring members that are provided at a side of the third side surface and at a side of the fourth side surface and extend from an upper surface electrode of the light-emitting element array toward an outer side of the light-emitting element array.

A light-emitting device includes a wiring substrate, a base member provided on the wiring substrate, a light-emitting element array that has a first side surface and a second side surface facing each other, that has a third side surface and a fourth side surface facing each other and connecting the first side surface and the second side surface, and that is provided on the base member, a drive unit that is provided on the wiring substrate at a side of the first side surface and drives the light-emitting element array, a first circuit element that is provided on the base member at the side of the first side surface, a second circuit element that is provided on the base member at a side of the second side surface and has a larger occupation area on the base member than the first circuit element, and wiring members that are provided at a side of the third side surface and at a side of the fourth side surface and extend from an upper surface electrode of the light-emitting element array toward an outer side of the light-emitting element array.