An image pickup apparatus which is capable of properly adjusting flash output of a flash unit when taking a photograph. Brightness information is obtained as a result of test flash firing by the flash unit for illuminating a subject. An amount of light to be emitted for shooting by the flash unit is determined based on the brightness information. The test flash firing is controlled by selecting normal flash firing in which the flash unit fires only for a part of a time period during which electric charge is accumulated so as to perform photometry, and intermittent flash firing in which the flash unit fires throughout the time period during which the electric charge is accumulated. When flash firing with a predetermined intensity or higher is not required for the test flash firing, the intermittent flash firing is selected.

One variation of a system for tracking and responding to Sun exposure includes: a housing configured to transiently attach to a port on a first garment; a jack coupled to the housing configured to transiently engage a port on the first garment; a radiation sensor arranged in the housing and configured to detect solar radiation incident on the housing; and a controller configured to: read an identifier of the first garment from the port via the jack; based on the identifier, estimate a skin exposure of a user wearing the first garment; read an solar radiation value from the radiation sensor at a first time; and, based on the solar radiation value and the skin exposure, estimate an solar radiation exposure of the user at the first time.

A focus detection apparatus that performs phase difference focus detection based on signals of a plurality of colors obtained from an image sensor, which is covered by color filters of the plurality of colors, that performs photoelectric conversion on light incident on the image sensor via an imaging optical system and outputs electric signals, the apparatus comprising: an acquisition unit that acquires an addition coefficient indicating weights to be applied to the signals of the plurality of colors on the basis of characteristic of chromatic aberration of magnification of the imaging optical system; a generation unit that generates a pair of focus detection signals by performing weighted addition on the signals of the plurality of colors using the addition coefficient; and a detection unit that detects an image shift amount between the pair of focus detection signals.

An electronic device for determining an ultraviolet (UV) dose includes a memory, at least one non-UV sensor, a display, and a processor, coupled to the memory, the at least one non-UV sensor, and the display. The processor is configured to determine a context of the electronic device, obtain information of ambient light using one or more parameter sensed by the light sensor, estimate an ultraviolet (UV) dose based on the context of the electronic device and the information of ambient light, and control the display to output information of the UV dose.

A medical device is configured to monitor, using one or more sensors, an environmental condition of a physical environment proximate to a medical device, and to determine when a value representative of the environmental condition exceeds a threshold for safe operation of the medical device with regard to care of a patient. Responsive to the value exceeding the threshold, an operation mode of the medical device is automatically switched from a first mode currently programmed for the care of the patient to a second mode, the second mode using different parameters than the first mode to control the medical device.

An image pickup system includes a stereoscopic endoscope including image pickup optical systems having a parallax therebetween and a first image pickup device and a second image pickup device, and a processor including a first photometric measurement section configured to photometrically measure a luminance value of a first image pickup signal related to the first image pickup device, a second photometric measurement section configured to measure a luminance value of a second image pickup signal related to the second image pickup device, and a control section including a threshold value comparison section configured to compare the luminance value with a threshold value. When the luminance value of either one of the first image pickup signal and the second image pickup signal exceeds the threshold value, the image pickup system performs light adjustment control of a light source based on a photometric value of the other image pickup signal.

System and methods for accurate measurement and real-time feedback of solar ultraviolet exposure for management of ultraviolet dose. The systems can include a wearable device and a mobile device, the system performing accurate measurement of UV exposure.

System and methods for accurate measurement and real-time feedback of solar ultraviolet exposure for management of ultraviolet dose. The systems can include a wearable device and a mobile device, the system performing accurate measurement of UV exposure.

System and method for accurately measuring alignment of every exposure field on a pre-patterned wafer without reducing wafer-exposure throughput. Diffraction grating disposed in scribe-lines of such wafer, used as alignment marks, and array of encoder-heads (each of which is configured to define positional phase(s) of at least one such alignment mark) are used. Determination of trajectory of a wafer-stage scanning during the wafer-exposure in the exposure tool employs determining in-plane coordinates of such spatially-periodic alignment marks by simultaneously measuring position-dependent phases of signals produced by these marks as a result of recombination of light corresponding to different diffraction orders produced by these marks. Measurements may be performed simultaneously at all areas corresponding to at least most of the exposure fields of the wafer, and/or with use of a homodyne light source, and/or in a wavelength-independent fashion, and/or with a pre-registration process allowing for accommodation of wafers with differently-dimensioned exposure fields.

A method of evaluating an image blur of an optical film includes displaying a test pattern by driving an organic light-emitting display apparatus including the optical film, obtaining an image by capturing the test pattern using a digital camera, obtaining a spatial luminance distribution from the image, transforming the spatial luminance distribution into a sensation curve, and estimating a blur width from the sensation curve, where the blur width is a distance between peaks having negative minimum values, from among a plurality of peaks of the sensation curve.