To calculate a regular-discharge probability of an optical sensor, a light detection system includes an optical sensor, an application voltage generating circuit that applies a drive pulse voltage to the optical sensor, a discharge determining portion that detects the optical sensor's discharge, a discharge probability calculating portion that calculates a discharge probability in a first state in which light from an additional light source having a known light quantity is incident on the optical sensor or the additional light source is turned off, and in a second state in which the additional light source's turning-on/turning-off state is different from the first state with a pulse width of the drive pulse voltage the same as the first state, a sensitivity parameter storing portion that stores sensitivity parameters of the optical sensor, and another discharge probability calculating portion that calculates a discharge probability of the optical sensor's regular discharge.

A device for generating light pulses for characterization, standardization and/or calibration of photodetectors, preferably within a flow cytometer or microscope. To this end the device comprises emission light sources which are driven with predetermined waveform to emit light pulses. The device is characterized by a feedback mechanism based on the provision of separate, series-connected control light sources whose emission is detected by a feedback detector. The device may include one or more emission groups of circularly arranged, multi-color emission light sources. To provide different intensity levels, the emission light sources or emission groups can be coupled into a light guide with different efficiencies. Uses of the device and systems or kits including the device is also provided.

An electronic system includes a control circuit to provide a binary control signal alternating between a first binary state during first phases and a second binary state during second phases; a screen controlled by the control signal, the screen emitting light during each first phase, and to not emit any light during each second phase; a light sensor under the screen or along the edge of the screen, and providing a measurement signal representative of a quantity of light received by the sensor during a measurement phase or a plurality of consecutive measurement phases; and a synchronization device to synchronize each measurement phase with a second phase.

Fluorescence imaging with reduced fixed pattern noise is disclosed. A method includes actuating an emitter to emit a plurality of pulses of electromagnetic radiation and sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation resulting from the plurality of pulses of electromagnetic radiation with a pixel array of an image sensor to generate a plurality of exposure frames. The method includes applying edge enhancement to edges within an exposure frame of the plurality of exposure frames. The method is such that at least a portion of the plurality of pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises one or more of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 770 nm to about 790 nm; or from about 795 nm to about 815 nm.

Systems, methods, and devices for fluorescence imaging with a minimal area image sensor are disclosed. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation, wherein the pixel array comprises active pixels and optical black pixels. The system includes a black clamp circuit providing offset control for data generated by the pixel array. The system includes a controller comprising a processor in electrical communication with the image sensor and the emitter. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises a laser mapping pattern.

Systems, methods, and devices for hyperspectral imaging with a minimal area image sensor are disclosed. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation, wherein the pixel array comprises active pixels and optical black pixels. The system includes a black clamp providing offset control for data generated by the pixel array and a controller comprising a processor in electrical communication with the image sensor and the emitter. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises one or more of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 513 nm to about 545 nm, electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 565 nm to about 585 nm, or electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 900 nm to about 1000 nm.

Systems, methods, and devices for hyperspectral imaging with increased dynamic range are disclosed. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation, wherein the pixel array comprises a plurality of pixels each configurable as a short exposure pixel or a long exposure pixel. The system includes a controller comprising a processor in electrical communication with the image sensor and the emitter. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises one or more of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 513 nm to about 545 nm, electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 565 nm to about 585 nm, or electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 900 nm to about 1000 nm.

Hyperspectral imaging with reduced fixed pattern noise is disclosed. A method includes actuating an emitter to emit a plurality of pulses of electromagnetic radiation and sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation resulting from the plurality of pulses of electromagnetic radiation with a pixel array of an image sensor to generate a plurality of exposure frames. The method includes applying edge enhancement to edges within an exposure frame of the plurality of exposure frames. The method is such that at least a portion of the plurality of pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises one or more of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 513 nm to about 545 nm, from about 565 nm to about 585 nm, or from about 900 nm to about 1000 nm.

An electronic system includes a control circuit to provide a binary control signal alternating between a first binary state during first phases and a second binary state during second phases; a screen controlled by the control signal, the screen emitting light during each first phase, and to not emit any light during each second phase; a light sensor under the screen or along the edge of the screen, and providing a measurement signal representative of a quantity of light received by the sensor during a measurement phase or a plurality of consecutive measurement phases; and a synchronization device to synchronize each measurement phase with a second phase.

A low-jitter digital clock signal generating system which uses optical pulses output from a pulse laser includes a first balanced photodetector that converts first and second optical pulses with a delayed time interval into first and second electrical pulses through first and second photodiodes and outputs first and second modulated pulses generated by allowing the first and second electrical pulses to partially overlap each other, a second balanced photodetector that converts third and fourth optical pulses with the delayed time interval into third and fourth electrical pulses through third and fourth photodiodes, and outputs a second modulated pulse generated by allowing the third and fourth electrical pulses to partially overlap each other, and a capacitor. The capacitor is charged by the first modulated pulse, is discharged by the second modulated pulse, and outputs a voltage according to the charging and discharging as a clock signal.