A method for retrieving a corrected spectrum from a measured spectrum (e.g., retrieving a top-of-water spectrum from a measured top-of-atmosphere spectrum) includes creating a scene-specific model of a region of interest and performing a ray-tracing simulation to simulate rays of light that would reach an airborne (or spaceborne) sensor. The region of interest can be an optically complex area such as an inland or coastal body of water. Based on the ray-tracing simulation, a scene-specific correction for unwanted effects (e.g., adjacency effects, variable atmospheric conditions, and/or other suitable effects) is obtained. A corrected spectrum is obtained by correcting the measured spectrum using the scene-specific correction. The ray-tracing simulation may be performed using a graphical processing unit, allowing the scene-specific correction to be performed in real time or near real time.

Provided is a system for measuring gas temperature and component concentrations in a combustion field based on optical comb. The system includes two pulse laser devices, two continuous laser devices, a beam splitting device, a measurement path, an interference signal detecting device, an optical processing and electrical processing device and a signal acquisition and analysis device. The measurement path refers to the combustion field to be measured. The interference signal detecting device outputs an interference signal. The optical processing and electrical processing device includes several optic elements and electrical elements, and outputs an adaptive compensation signal and an asynchronous sampling clock signal after a series of processing on output of the two pulse laser devices and two continuous laser devices. The signal acquisition and analysis device outputs the measurement result based on the adaptive compensation signal, the asynchronous sampling clock signal and a stable interference signal.

A sensor system comprises a plurality of sets optical sensors arranged on an integrated circuit, the plurality of sets optical sensors having a respective top surface. The sensor system further comprising an interface between the plurality of optical sensors and a processing device configured to transmit information there between and an array of optical filters having a respective bottom surface and a respective top surface, where the bottom surface of the optical filter array is located proximal to the top surface of the plurality of sets optical sensors and each optical filter of the optical filter array is configured to pass a target wavelength range of light to a set of optical sensors. The processor is configured to receive an output from each optical sensor in a set of optical sensors and determine a corrected filter response for the set of optical sensors using crosstalk from light transmitted through optical filters adjacent to the set of optical sensors.

A MEMS hotplate is used as a test substrate for characterizing a temperature-dependent fabrication process. According to a variant, an array of MEMS hotplates is used to provide multiple test substrates which can be simultaneously heated to different temperatures to provide multiple different temperature-dependent characterizations of the process.

An optical device including slots and an apparatus employing the optical device are provided. An optical unit device for selectively transmitting electromagnetic waves of a wavelength range, includes a material layer including slots. A gap between the slots has a distance such that the optical unit device has a Q-factor of about 5 or more.

An intracavity laser absorption infrared spectroscopy system for detecting trace analytes in vapor samples. The system uses a spectrometer in communications with control electronics, wherein the control electronics contain an analyte database that contains absorption profiles for each analyte the system is used to detect. The system can not only detect the presence of specific analytes, but identify them as well. The spectrometer uses a hollow cavity waveguide that creates a continuous loop inside of the device, thus creating a large path length and eliminating the need to mechanically adjust the path length to achieve a high Q-factor. In a preferred embodiment, the laser source may serve as the detector, thus eliminating the need for a separate detector.

In some implementations, optical analysis systems use an integrated computational element (ICE) that includes a planar waveguide configured as an ICE core. In other implementations, the ICE used by the disclosed optical analysis systems includes a planar waveguide configured as a spectrograph, the spectrograph to be integrated with a conventional ICE.

Provided is a spectral imaging apparatus. The spectral imaging apparatus includes: an optical filter including a plurality of band filter units having different center wavelengths; a sensing device configured to receive light passing through the optical filter; an imaging lens array including a plurality of lens units which respectively correspond to the plurality of band filter units and each implement imaging on the sensing device; and a transparent substrate which is apart from the sensing device. At least one of the optical filter and the imaging lens array is provided on the transparent substrate.

Provided are an optical spectrum analyzer and a pulse-modulated light measurement method capable of measuring pulse-modulated light even when a pulse-on time and a pulse period of the pulse-modulated light are unknown. Pulse-modulated light (DUT) is incident on a diffraction grating 3. A first light receiving unit 8 receives the 0th-order light of diffracted light diffracted by the diffraction grating 3. A second light receiving unit 7 receives diffracted light of an order other than the 0th-order light. A measurement timing signal generation unit 9 generates a sampling signal based on the 0th-order light received by the first light receiving unit. The spectrum of the diffracted light received by the second light receiving unit is measured based on the sampling signal generated by the measurement timing signal generation unit.

The invention provides an optical measurement device for measuring light to be inspected. The optical measurement device comprises a light receiving module, a light splitting module, and a plurality of color filters. The light receiving module is used for converting the light to be inspected into a first parallel light. The light splitting module is used for splitting the first parallel light into a plurality of parallel lights to be inspected. Each color filter receives at least one of the plurality of parallel lights to be inspected. The plurality of parallel lights to be inspected filtered by the plurality of color filters are used to calculate tristimulus values in the CIE color space.