In a spectroscopic module, a light shielding member is disposed between a plurality of bandpass filters and a light detector. The light shielding member includes a plurality of wall portions. The plurality of wall portions are arranged along an X direction with a light passage opening interposed therebetween, each of a plurality of optical paths from the plurality of bandpass filters to a plurality of light receiving regions passing through the light passage opening. A first wall portion and a second wall portion adjacent to each other among the plurality of wall portions are in contact with the bandpass filter, the bandpass filter corresponding to the light passage opening between the first wall portion and the second wall portion. A width in a Y direction of the light passage opening is larger than a width in the Y direction of the bandpass filter.

An analyte detection apparatus includes a radiation source for irradiating a sample and a receiver to receive an optical Raman spectrum of radiation transmitted back from the sample, the spectrum including one or more parts of significance to an analyte to be detected and one or more parts not of significance to an analyte to be detected. The receiver includes different types of analysis device each arranged to receive a selected part of the spectrum. The different types of analysis device include at least one analysis device having high resolution and/or high signal to noise ratio for detecting a part of the spectrum of significance to the analyte to be detected and at least one second type of analysis device which provides lower resolution and/or lower signal-to-noise ratio, for detecting a part of the spectrum not of significance to the analyte to be detected.

A method of assessment of renal function by monitoring a time-varying fluorescence signal emitted from a fluorescent agent from within a diffuse reflecting medium with time-varying optical properties is provided that includes using a renal monitoring system comprising at least one light source, at least one light detector, at least one optical filter, and at least one controller to provide a measurement data set comprising a plurality of measurement entries, each measurement data entry comprising at least two measurements obtained at one data acquisition time from a patient before and after administration of the fluorescent agent.

A multispectral sensor array can include a combination of ranging sensor channels (e.g., LIDAR sensor channels) and ambient-light sensor channels tuned to detect ambient light having a channel-specific property (e.g., color). The sensor channels can be arranged and spaced to provide multispectral images of a field of view in which the multispectral images from different sensors are inherently aligned with each other to define an array of multispectral image pixels. Various optical elements can be provided to facilitate imaging operations. Light ranging/imaging systems incorporating multispectral sensor arrays can operate in rotating and/or static modes.

A measurement system is provided with an array of laser diodes with one or more Bragg reflectors. At least a portion of the light generated by the array is configured to penetrate tissue comprising skin. A detection system configured to: measure a phase shift, and a time-of-flight, of at least a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes reflected from the tissue relative to the portion of the light generated by the array; generate one or more images of the tissue; detect oxy- or deoxy-hemoglobin in the tissue; non-invasively measure blood in blood vessels within or below a dermis layer within the skin; measure one or more physiological parameters based at least in part on the non-invasively measured blood; and measure a variation in the blood or physiological parameter over a period of time.

A combined multi-spectral and polarization (CMSP) sensor is disclosed that enhances contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The CMSP sensor comprises a multi-spectral and polarization (MSP) filter, a single focal plane array (FPA), and a controller. The FPA comprises a plurality of detectors and the MSP filter comprises at least a first bandpass filter having a first frequency range and a second bandpass filter having a second frequency range that is distinct from the first frequency range and a first polarization filter having a first polarization value and a second polarization filter having a second polarization value that is distinct from the first polarization value.

A method, system, apparatus, and/or device to determine a condition of a user using a wearable device with a miniaturized spectrometer. The method, system, apparatus, and/or device may include: a band configured to extend at least partially around a body part of a user, the body part comprising an internal feature within the body part; a light source embedded in the band, where the light source is configured to emit light into the body part as the user wears the band; a collimator; an optical filter; and an optical sensor, where the collimator, optical sensor, or the optical filter are arranged together to form a stack embedded in the band.

A spectroscopic module includes a plurality of beam splitters that are arranged along an X direction; a plurality of bandpass filters disposed on one side in a Z direction with respect to the plurality of beam splitters facing the plurality of beam splitters, respectively; a light detector disposed on the one side in the Z direction with respect to the plurality of bandpass filters and including a plurality of light receiving regions facing the plurality of bandpass filters, respectively; a first support body supporting the plurality of beam splitters; and a second support body supporting the plurality of bandpass filters. The second support body includes a support portion in which a support surface is formed so as to be open to the one side in the Z direction. The plurality of bandpass filters are disposed on the support surface.

Provided herein are devices, systems, and methods for characterizing a biological sample in vivo or ex vivo in real-time using time-resolved spectroscopy. A light source generates a light pulse or continuous light wave and excites the biological sample, inducing a responsive fluorescent signal. A demultiplexer splits the signal into spectral bands and a time delay is applied to the spectral bands so as to capture data with a detector from multiple spectral bands from a single excitation pulse. The biological sample is characterized by analyzing the fluorescence intensity magnitude and/or decay of the spectral bands. The sample may comprise one or more exogenous or endogenous fluorophore. The device may be a two-piece probe with a detachable, disposable distal end. The systems may combine fluorescence spectroscopy with other optical spectroscopy or imaging modalities. The light pulse may be focused at a single focal point or scanned or patterned across an area.

Methods, systems and devices are disclosed to detect and compensate wavefront errors associated with light that spans a large range of wavelengths and different polarization states. One example system includes an optical wavefront sensor that is positioned to receive input light after propagation through a turbulent medium, such as air or water or other liquids, and to detect a wavefront error associated with at least one spectral component of the received light that has a plurality of spectral components. The system further includes a wavefront compensator that is positioned to receive the input light and to simultaneously effectuate wavefront corrections for the plurality of spectral components of the input light based on the detected wavefront error.