Reflectometer, Spectrophotometer, Ellipsometer and Polarimeter Systems that utilize 1) electromagnetic radiation energy absorbing or reflecting material of spatially distributed different optical densities and 2) wavelength dependent electromagnetic radiation energy aperturing, or both, placed near the entry to said multi-element detector, to improve detector capability to monitor intensity vs. wavelength spectra entered thereinto and provide more uniform detector output, while preferably maintaining beam information content.

A lighting unit includes a plurality of light sources that respectively emit plural rays of illumination light. An imaging unit that simultaneously images plural rays of reflected light obtained by the plural rays of illumination light being reflected by a subject so as to obtain information about a plurality of colors, and generates a captured image including the information about the plurality of colors. A memory stores sensitivity information items that correspond to the plurality of light sources respectively. An arithmetic unit performs an arithmetic operation to generate a plurality of separated images from the captured image by using the sensitivity information items. The plurality of separated images correspond to the plurality of light sources respectively, and each of the plurality of separated images only includes information about a corresponding one of the plural rays of reflected light.

Methods and systems that utilize 1) electromagnetic radiation energy absorbing or reflecting material of spatially distributed different optical densities and 2) wavelength dependent electromagnetic radiation energy aperturing, or both, placed near the entry to said multi-element detector, to improve detector capability to monitor intensity vs. wavelength spectra entered thereinto and provide more uniform detector output, while preferably maintaining beam angle and plane of incidence.

The invention discloses a hybrid and scanning/snapshot spectral imager operating in both staring-spectral scanning and video snapshot spectral imaging modes. Snapshot spectral imaging operation at a set of selectable critical spectral bands comprise the basis for a machine learning-based estimation and video-rate display of a full hyperspectral cube, without compromising spatial resolution. Operating in the staring-type scanning mode, the disclosed hybrid spectral imager acquires sets of narrow band images at a given tuning step and for a plurality of tuning steps until completing a hyperspectral cube sampling. Scanning operation may be used for optimally configuring snapshot operation, such that redundant information present in the collected spectra is discarded. The disclosed hybrid spectral imager includes embodiments susceptible for miniaturization and low power operation, allowing for their integration into mobile phone and computer platforms. The invention is intended to address applications comprising, at least in part, nondestructive testing, real-time spectral and chemical mapping, noninvasive diagnosis and spectral photography.

A spectrometer includes an illuminating section; a receiving section configured to detect radiation reflected from an object including an optically inhomogeneous scattering medium; a hardware section configured to obtain a solution of an inverse problem to reconstruct an absorption spectrum of the optically inhomogeneous scattering medium, wherein the illuminating section includes at least one light-emitting diode source, a radiation spectral curve of which is divided, by at least two spectral filters having different spectral transmission curves, into at least two spectral regions, to form an equivalent radiation spectrum from at least two spectral sources, and wherein the hardware section applies the solution of the inverse problem based on information about a spectral content of the radiation of the illuminating section, a signal obtained in a form of a response from the optically inhomogeneous scattering medium, and a spectral sensitivity curve of the receiving section.

Apparatus and methods for performing optical analyses in a harsh environment are disclosed. Some of the systems and methods of the present disclosure include fluorescence, absorption, and reflectance detection using a drum spectrometer. Other systems and methods of the present disclosure include a measurement channel and a parallel reference channel concurrently filtering optical signals.

A method for spatially resolved color determination, comprising the steps of projecting (S101) a first structured-light pattern having a first wavelength of light onto a dental object;

detecting (S102) a first spatially resolved optical parameter set based on the reflected or remitted first structured-light pattern; projecting (S103) a second structured-light pattern having a second wavelength of light onto the dental object; detecting (S104) a second spatially resolved optical parameter set based on the reflected or remitted second structured-light pattern; and calculating (S105) a third spatially resolved optical parameter set at a third wavelength of light based on the first and second spatially resolved optical parameter sets.

A monolithic spectrometer (10) for spectrally resolving light (L), comprises a body (2) of solid material having optical surfaces (3,4,5,6a-6c,8) configured to guide the light (L) along an optical path (E1,E2,E3,E4) inside the body (2). The optical surfaces of the body (2) comprise a segmented focusing surface (6a,6b) comprising first and second continuously functional optical shapes (Ca,Cb) to focus received parts of respective beams (La,Lb) onto respective focal position (fa,fb) in an imaging plane (P) outside the body (2). The second continuously functional optical shape (Cb) is separated from the first continuously functional optical shape (Ca) by an optical discontinuity (Dab) there between.

A photonic integrated circuit including an input for receiving input electromagnetic radiation having a bandwidth greater than 60 nm; a spectral splitter splitting the electromagnetic radiation into a plurality of spectral channels; a modulator for modulating an amplitude and a phase of one or more of the spectral channels so as to form modulated outputs; and a spectral recombiner for combining the modulated outputs into a single output port outputting output electromagnetic radiation having the desired output spectral intensity profile shaped by and synthesized from the modulated outputs.

An intensity spectrum designing unit of a data generating device includes an initial value setting unit that sets a plurality of objects of a first generation of an intensity spectrum function A(?) and a phase spectrum function ?(?), an evaluation value calculating unit that calculates an evaluation value for each of a plurality of objects of an n-th generation, an object selecting unit that selects two or more objects used for generating a plurality of objects of an (n+1)-th generation among objects of the n-th generation on the basis of superiority of the evaluation value, and a next-generation generating unit that generates a plurality of objects of the (n+1)-th generation on the basis of the selected two or more objects. The evaluation value calculating unit, the object selecting unit, and the next-generation generating unit repeat processes while 1 is added to n until a predetermined condition is satisfied.