A measurement system is provided with an array of laser diodes with one or more Bragg reflectors. At least a portion of the light generated by the array is configured to penetrate tissue comprising skin. A detection system configured to: measure a phase shift, and a time-of-flight, of at least a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes reflected from the tissue relative to the portion of the light generated by the array; generate one or more images of the tissue; detect oxy- or deoxy-hemoglobin in the tissue; non-invasively measure blood in blood vessels within or below a dermis layer within the skin; measure one or more physiological parameters based at least in part on the non-invasively measured blood; and measure a variation in the blood or physiological parameter over a period of time.

Methods and systems are provided for separating polarized UV light. In one example, a method may include passing polarized source light through a group of at least four prisms to collimate and separate a second-harmonic generation (SHG) beam from a pump beam. The separated SHG beam may then be further passed through a spatial filter to reduce spatial distribution.

Methods and systems are provided for separating polarized UV light. In one example, a method may include passing polarized source light through a group of at least four prisms to collimate and separate a second-harmonic generation (SHG) beam from a pump beam. The separated SHG beam may then be further passed through a spatial filter to reduce spatial distribution.

A spectral feature selection apparatus includes a dispersive optical element arranged to interact with a pulsed light beam; three or more refractive optical elements arranged in a path of the pulsed light beam between the dispersive optical element and a pulsed optical source; and one or more actuation systems, each actuation system associated with a refractive optical element and configured to rotate the associated refractive optical element to thereby adjust a spectral feature of the pulsed light beam. At least one of the actuation systems is a rapid actuation system that includes a rapid actuator configured to rotate its associated refractive optical element about a rotation axis. The rapid actuator includes a rotary stepper motor having a rotation shaft that rotates about a shaft axis that is parallel with the rotation axis of the associated refractive optical element.

A spectral feature selection apparatus includes a dispersive optical element arranged to interact with a pulsed light beam; three or more refractive optical elements arranged in a path of the pulsed light beam between the dispersive optical element and a pulsed optical source; and one or more actuation systems, each actuation system associated with a refractive optical element and configured to rotate the associated refractive optical element to thereby adjust a spectral feature of the pulsed light beam. At least one of the actuation systems is a rapid actuation system that includes a rapid actuator configured to rotate its associated refractive optical element about a rotation axis. The rapid actuator includes a rotary stepper motor having a rotation shaft that rotates about a shaft axis that is parallel with the rotation axis of the associated refractive optical element.

Optical device for optical fluorescence microscopy, comprising a spatial modulator (1), a microscope objective (2), a beamsplitter (3) and a camera (4), wherein the beamsplitter (3) is placed between the spatial modulator (1) and the microscope objective (2), wherein the beamsplitter (3) is placed between the camera (4) and the microscope objective (2), and wherein a prism (5) is placed between the beamsplitter (3) and the camera (4).

An imaging optical system including a plurality of imaging optical sub-systems, each having at least one optical element and receiving light from a source, and a plurality of spectrometer optical sub-systems, each spectrometer optical sub-system receiving light from at least one of the imaging optical sub-systems, each imaging optical sub-system and spectrometer optical sub-system combination having a spatial distortion characteristic, each spatial distortion characteristic having a predetermined relationship to the other spatial distortion characteristics.

An imaging optical system including a plurality of imaging optical sub-systems, each having at least one optical element and receiving light from a source, and a plurality of spectrometer optical sub-systems, each spectrometer optical sub-system receiving light from at least one of the imaging optical sub-systems, each imaging optical sub-system and spectrometer optical sub-system combination having a spatial distortion characteristic, each spatial distortion characteristic having a predetermined relationship to the other spatial distortion characteristics.

Optical device for optical fluorescence microscopy, comprising a spatial modulator (1), a microscope objective (2), a beamsplitter (3) and a camera (4), wherein the beamsplitter (3) is placed between the spatial modulator (1) and the microscope objective (2), wherein the beamsplitter (3) is placed between the camera (4) and the microscope objective (2), and wherein a prism (5) is placed between the beamsplitter (3) and the camera (4).

An apparatus and a method for shaping a light spectrum are presented. The apparatus includes a spatial light modulator (140) provided for shaping the spectrum of a primary beam. The spatial light modulator (140) includes an array of cells in which each cell is operable in a first state and a second state. The apparatus also includes a controller (160) configured to change the state of a subset of cells iteratively, based on a stochastic process, to shape the spectrum.