An emission can be obtained from a sample in response to excitation using a specified range of excitation frequencies. Such excitation can include generating a specified chirped waveform and a specified downconversion local oscillator (LO) frequency using a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), upconverting the chirped waveform via mixing the chirped waveform with a specified upconversion LO frequency, frequency multiplying the upconverted chirped waveform to provide a chirped excitation signal for exciting the sample, receiving an emission from sample, the emission elicited at least in part by the chirped excitation signal, and downconverting the received emission via mixing the received emission with a signal based on the specified downconversion LO signal to provide a downconverted emission signal within the bandwidth of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The specified chirped waveform can include a first chirped waveform during a first duration, and a second chirped waveform during a second duration.

An imaging device according to an aspect of the present disclosure is provided with: a light source that, in operation, emits pulsed light including components of different wavelengths; an encoding element that has regions each having different light transmittance, through which incident light from a target onto which the pulsed light has been irradiated is transmitted; a spectroscopic element that, in operation, causes the incident light transmitted through the regions to be dispersed into light rays in accordance with the wavelengths; and an image sensor that, in operation, receives the light rays dispersed by the spectroscopic element.

An optical spectral analyzer for measuring an optical multi-channel signal by separating the multi-channel signal and measuring a plurality of single-channel signals simultaneously. The spectral analyzer can include a demultiplexer configured to receive the multi-channel signal. The multi-channel signal can be a multi-channel wavelength range. The demultiplexer can separate the multi-channel signal into the plurality of single-channel signals including a first single-channel signal and a second single-channel signal. The spectral analyzer can include a plurality of optical paths. The plurality of optical paths can include a plurality of respective detectors for measuring an optical power of the respective single-channel signals. The detectors can convert the optical power of the respective single-channel signals to corresponding electrical signals. In some examples, the spectral analyzer includes a controller configured to obtain the plurality of respective electrical signals simultaneously to correspondingly detect the optical power of the multi-channel signal across the multi-channel wavelength range.

A radio frequency (RF) front-end for a transmitter in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) includes a mixer based core that itself includes first and second input signals; an amplifier that amplifies the first signal and transmits a corresponding amplified first signal; an up-conversion mixer that receives the amplified first signal and the second signal through transistors, and mixes the amplified first signal and second signal and generates a radio frequency (RF) signal; and an antenna that receives the RF signal and transmits the signal from the front-end.

Spectral imaging sensors and methods are disclosed. One spectral imaging sensor includes a light source, an array of coded apertures, one or more optical elements, and a photodetector. The light source is configured to emit a plurality of pulses of light toward an object to be imaged. The array of coded apertures is positioned to spatially modulate light received from the object to be imaged. The optical elements are configured to redirect light from the array of coded apertures. The photodetector is positioned to receive light from the one or more optical elements. The photodetector comprise a plurality of light sensing elements. The plurality of light sensing elements are operable to sense the light from the one or more optical elements in a plurality of time periods. The plurality of time periods have a same frequency as the plurality of pulses of light.

Systems and methods for examining spectral data over the course of a high speed event are described. The systems and methods can enable observation of the spectral evolution of a transient phenomenon into segment intervals on the order of, milliseconds or microseconds. The methods include reflecting light from an event off of a rotating mirror and sequentially delivering light from the mirror to a series of optical waveguides for sequential spectral analysis. The systems and methods can be useful in a wide variety of applications such as, LIBS applications; examination of high energy devices such as explosions or simulations of explosions; examination of deposition processes, e.g., coating formations; examination of chemical reactions; etc.

Systems and methods for time-resolved spectroscopy. Exemplary methods include: providing first, second, and third light using an excitation source; receiving first scattered light from a material responsive to the providing the first light; signaling the detector, after a delay, to provide a first spectrum of the received first scattered light; receiving second scattered light from the material responsive to the providing the second light; signaling the detector, after the delay, to provide a second spectrum of the received second scattered light; receiving third scattered light from the material responsive to the providing the third light; signaling the detector, after the delay, to provide a third spectrum of the received third scattered light; recovering a spectrum of the material using the first spectrum, second spectrum, and third spectrum; and identifying at least one molecule of the material using the recovered spectrum and a database of identified spectra.

Systems and methods for examining spectral data over the course of a high speed event are described. The systems and methods can enable observation of the spectral evolution of a transient phenomenon into segment intervals on the order of, milliseconds or microseconds. The methods include reflecting light from an event off of a rotating mirror and sequentially delivering light from the mirror to a series of optical waveguides for sequential spectral analysis. The systems and methods can be useful in a wide variety of applications such as, LIBS applications; examination of high energy devices such as explosions or simulations of explosions; examination of deposition processes, e.g., coating formations; examination of chemical reactions; etc.

Optical imaging or spectroscopy described can use laminar optical tomography (LOT), diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), or the like. An incident beam is scanned across a target. An orthogonal or oblique optical response can be obtained, such as concurrently at different distances from the incident beam. The optical response from multiple incident wavelengths can be concurrently obtained by dispersing the response wavelengths in a direction orthogonal to the response distances from the incident beam. Temporal correlation can be measured, from which flow and other parameters can be computed. An optical conduit can enable endoscopic or laparoscopic imaging or spectroscopy of internal target locations. An articulating arm can communicate the light for performing the LOT, DCS, or the like. The imaging can find use for skin cancer diagnosis, such as distinguishing lentigo maligna (LM) from lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM).

A pulsed plasma analyzer includes a pulse modulator that controls an off-time of a pulsed plasma that includes a target radical, an optical spectrometer that measures optical emissions of the pulsed plasma after the off-time to determine optical emission data, and a concentration estimating module that estimates a concentration of the target radical during the off-time based on an initial optical emission value of the optical emission data that changes as a function of the off-time, and outputs an estimated concentration.