A polarized Raman Spectrometric system for defining parameters of a polycrystaline material, the system comprises a polarized Raman Spectrometric apparatus, a computer-controlled sample stage for positioning a sample at different locations, and a computer comprising a processor and an associated memory. The polarized Raman Spectrometric apparatus generates signal(s) from either small sized spots at multiple locations on a sample or from an elongated line-shaped points on the sample, and the processor analyzes the signal(s) to define the parameters of said polycrystalline material.

Aspects of the present disclosure include methods for spectrally resolving light from fluorophores having overlapping fluorescence spectra in a sample. Methods according to certain embodiments include detecting light with a light detection system from a sample having a plurality of fluorophores having overlapping fluorescence spectra and spectrally resolving light from each fluorophore in the sample. In some embodiments, methods include estimating the abundance of one or more of the fluorophores in the sample, such as on a particle. In certain instances, methods include identifying the particle in the sample based on the abundance of each fluorophore and sorting the particle. Methods according to some embodiments includes spectrally resolving the light from each fluorophore by calculating a spectral unmixing matrix for the fluorescence spectra of each fluorophore. Systems and integrated circuit devices (e.g., a field programmable gate array) for practicing the subject methods are also provided.

Optical spectrometers may be used to determine the spectral components of electromagnetic waves. Spectrometers may be large, bulky devices and may require waves to enter at a nearly direct angle of incidence in order to record a measurement. What is disclosed is an ultra-compact spectrometer with nanophotonic components as light dispersion technology. Nanophotonic components may contain metasurfaces and Bragg filters. Each metasurface may contain light scattering nanostructures that may be randomized to create a large input angle, and the Bragg filter may result in the light dispersion independent of the input angle. The spectrometer may be capable of handling about 200 nm bandwidth. The ultra-compact spectrometer may be able to read image data in the visible (400-600 nm) and to read spectral data in the near-infrared (700-900 nm) wavelength range. The surface area of the spectrometer may be about 1 mm.sup.2, allowing it to fit on mobile devices.

A downhole tool has a tool body with an outer diameter equal to a borehole diameter, at least one cavity formed in and opening to an outer surface defining the outer diameter of the tool body, a light source, a filter, and a light detector mounted in the at least one cavity, and a window disposed at the opening of the at least one cavity, wherein the window encloses the cavity.

A downhole tool has a tool body with an outer diameter equal to a borehole diameter, at least one cavity formed in and opening to an outer surface defining the outer diameter of the tool body, a light source, a filter, and a light detector mounted in the at least one cavity, and a window disposed at the opening of the at least one cavity, wherein the window encloses the cavity.

A Raman sensor includes a light source assembly having a plurality of light sources configured to emit light to a plurality of skin points of skin, each of the plurality of skin points having a predetermined separation distance from a light collection region of the skin from which Raman scattered light is collected; a light collector configured to collect the Raman scattered light from the light collection region of the skin; and a detector configured to detect the collected Raman scattered light.

A Raman sensor includes a light source assembly having a plurality of light sources configured to emit light to a plurality of skin points of skin, each of the plurality of skin points having a predetermined separation distance from a light collection region of the skin from which Raman scattered light is collected; a light collector configured to collect the Raman scattered light from the light collection region of the skin; and a detector configured to detect the collected Raman scattered light.

An identification apparatus includes a plurality of light collection optical systems configured to collect scattered light from a plurality of test substances, a spectroscopic element configured to disperse a plurality of light beams from the plurality of light collection optical systems, an imaging unit including a plurality of light receiving elements arrayed in a row direction and a column direction, and configured to receive a plurality of dispersion spectra projected from the spectroscopic element and projected in the row direction, an acquisition unit configured to acquire spectroscopic information of at least any of the plurality of test substances based on an output signal from the imaging unit, and an intensification processing unit configured to perform row direction binning processing including integrating output signals of the plurality of light receiving elements existing at different positions in the row direction.

An identification apparatus includes a plurality of light collection optical systems configured to collect scattered light from a plurality of test substances, a spectroscopic element configured to disperse a plurality of light beams from the plurality of light collection optical systems, an imaging unit including a plurality of light receiving elements arrayed in a row direction and a column direction, and configured to receive a plurality of dispersion spectra projected from the spectroscopic element and projected in the row direction, an acquisition unit configured to acquire spectroscopic information of at least any of the plurality of test substances based on an output signal from the imaging unit, and an intensification processing unit configured to perform row direction binning processing including integrating output signals of the plurality of light receiving elements existing at different positions in the row direction.

The present invention provides a fiber laser system, comprising: a master laser cavity for generating a master laser beam; a beam splitter for splitting the master laser beam into a first beam for generating a first color pulsed laser beam and a second beam for generating a second color pulsed laser beam; and a synchronization component configured to synchronize the first color pulsed laser beam and a second color pulsed laser beam based on coherent wavelength generation.