A long-wave infrared detecting element includes a magnetic field generator configured to generate a magnetic field; a substrate on the magnetic field generator; a superparamagnetic material layer disposed to be separated from the substrate and magnetized by the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator; a support unit on the substrate to support the superparamagnetic material layer such that the superparamagnetic material layer separated from the substrate, such that the support unit and the superparamagnetic material layer generate heat by absorbing infrared radiation from the outside; and a magneto-electric conversion unit that generates an electrical signal proportional to both a strength of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator and the magnetization of the superparamagnetic material layer.

A luminescent diode surface within the cold shield of an infrared camera to allow for continuous non-uniformity correction with uniform irradiance across an infrared IR detector array. Further provided by the inclusion of a luminescent diode surface within the cold shield paneling is the ability to change the diode bias providing a negative luminescent effect while utilizing reverse bias and an electro-luminescent effect while utilizing a forward bias. This may then further allow for multiple set points to provide continuous offset and gain correction and to correct non-linear response effects.

A luminescent diode surface within the cold shield of an infrared camera to allow for continuous non-uniformity correction with uniform irradiance across an infrared IR detector array. Further provided by the inclusion of a luminescent diode surface within the cold shield paneling is the ability to change the diode bias providing a negative luminescent effect while utilizing reverse bias and an electro-luminescent effect while utilizing a forward bias. This may then further allow for multiple set points to provide continuous offset and gain correction and to correct non-linear response effects.

A thermal processing system for performing thermal processing can include a workpiece support plate configured to support a workpiece and heat source(s) configured to heat the workpiece. The thermal processing system can include window(s) having transparent region(s) that are transparent to electromagnetic radiation within a measurement wavelength range and opaque region(s) that are opaque to electromagnetic radiation within a portion of the measurement wavelength range. A temperature measurement system can include a plurality of infrared emitters configured to emit infrared radiation and a plurality of infrared sensors configured to measure infrared radiation within the measurement wavelength range where the transparent region(s) are at least partially within a field of view the infrared sensors. A controller can be configured to perform operations including obtaining transmittance and reflectance measurements associated with the workpiece and determining, based on the measurements, a temperature of the workpiece less than about 600° C.

In a plasma processing apparatus, an additional viewing window is disposed between an infrared temperature sensor and a view window, and the additional viewing window is cooled to be retained at room temperature (20° C. to 25° C.), to reduce and to stabilize electromagnetic waves emitted from the viewing window. By correcting the value of the electromagnetic waves, the measurement precision of the temperature monitor is increased and it is possible to measure and to control the dielectric window temperature in a stable state.

A method of calibrating an infrared (IR) camera including a pixel array housed in a housing, the pixel array having an image sensor and one or more parasitic heat sensing pixels arranged to receive infrared light from different portions of an interior surface of the housing, the method including: receiving, by a processing device, one or more readings from each of the parasitic heat sensing pixels and from each pixel of the pixel array; and generating, by the processing device based on the one or more readings, one or more conversion matrices for converting readings from the parasitic heat sensing pixels into pixel correction values for performing 2D signal correction of the image.

A method of calibrating an infrared (IR) camera including a pixel array housed in a housing, the pixel array having an image sensor and one or more parasitic heat sensing pixels arranged to receive infrared light from different portions of an interior surface of the housing, the method including: receiving, by a processing device, one or more readings from each of the parasitic heat sensing pixels and from each pixel of the pixel array; and generating, by the processing device based on the one or more readings, one or more conversion matrices for converting readings from the parasitic heat sensing pixels into pixel correction values for performing 2D signal correction of the image.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a flame detector. The flame detector comprises a light guide system including a first end and a second end opposite to the first end, a light path being formed between the first end and the second end and extending along an optical axis; a first hole disposed at the first end, extending along the optical axis and forming a part of the light path, the first hole being configured to receive light emitted by a flame to be detected; and a second hole disposed at the second end, extending along the optical axis and forming a part of the light path, sizes of the first and second holes and a length of the light path being configured such that a detection angle of the light guide system is between 0.5 degrees and 3 degrees.

The present invention relates to an aerosol-generating device that is configured for generating an inhalable aerosol by heating an aerosol-forming substrate. The device comprises a device housing for receiving the aerosol-forming substrate and a pyrometer for determining a temperature of a heated target surface within the device housing. The invention further relates to an aerosol-generating system comprising such an aerosol-generating device and an aerosol-generating article for use with the device including an aerosol-forming substrate.

The present invention relates to an aerosol-generating device that is configured for generating an inhalable aerosol by heating an aerosol-forming substrate. The device comprises a device housing for receiving the aerosol-forming substrate and a pyrometer for determining a temperature of a heated target surface within the device housing. The invention further relates to an aerosol-generating system comprising such an aerosol-generating device and an aerosol-generating article for use with the device including an aerosol-forming substrate.