Provided is a system for detecting flame, which includes a light collecting module configured to collect light emitted from flame and sense location information and intensity information of the collected light, a memory configured to store a program for determining fire information on the basis of the sensed location information and intensity information of the light, and a processor configured to calculate intensity information and fluttering information of the flame from the intensity information of the light by executing the program stored in the memory, to calculate centroid spatial distribution information of the flame from the location information of the light, and to detect whether there is flame on the basis of at least one of the intensity information of the flame, the fluttering information of the flame, and the centroid spatial distribution information.

A method of detecting the presence of a product sprayed onto an application surface, in which the product to be applied to the application surface is sprayed onto a target zone of the application surface in pulses. Before spraying the product it is heated to a temperature higher than a predetermined temperature value. After spraying the product, a value of a parameter representing the temperature of the target zone is measured remotely, and the value of that parameter is compared to a reference value of that parameter. A detection installation including pulsed spraying by way of forming part of a device shared with the heating element.

An IR camera includes: a thermal radiation capturing arrangement for capturing thermal radiation of an imaged view in response to input control unit(s) receiving user inputs from a user of the IR camera; a processing unit arranged to process the thermal radiation data in order for the thermal radiation data to be displayed by an IR camera display as thermal images; and an IR camera display arranged to display thermal images to a user of the IR camera. The processing unit is further arranged to determine at least one temperature reference value representing the temperature of the surrounding environment of the imaged view; and calculate at least one output power value indicative of an amount of energy dissipated in a part of the imaged view by using the temperature value of the thermal radiation data corresponding to said part of the imaged view and the at least one determined temperature reference value.

A method and system of verifying asphalt mat temperature values and location data generated by a paving machine includes identifying a location and temperature value of a threshold thermal characteristic of thermal data generated by the paving machine, and displaying the paver-generated location and temperature value of the threshold thermal characteristic on a display of the paving machine. The method further includes determining a location and temperature value of the threshold thermal characteristic by one or more external systems, and comparing the externally-determined location and temperature value to the paver-generated location and temperature value.

A polishing method and a polishing apparatus which can increase a polishing rate and can control a polishing profile of a substrate being polished by adjusting a surface temperature of a polishing pad are disclosed. The polishing method for polishing a substrate by pressing the substrate against a polishing pad on a polishing table includes a pad temperature adjustment step of adjusting a surface temperature of the polishing pad, and a polishing step of polishing the substrate by pressing the substrate against the polishing pad having the adjusted surface temperature. In the pad temperature adjustment step, the surface temperature of a part of an area of the polishing pad, the area being to be brought in contact with the substrate, is adjusted during the polishing step so that the rate of temperature change of a temperature profile in a radial direction of the surface of the polishing pad becomes constant in the radial direction of the polishing pad.

The present invention includes a temperature probe and use thereof. The temperature probe is configured to obtain a temperature of a blow molding preform, especially a temperature of an inside surface of the blow molding preform. In this manner, effectiveness of heating the preform can be evaluated, the presence of one or more temperature gradients ascertained, and the blow molding process can be optimized for a given preform.

A system for detecting a temperature of a railroad train wheel or bearing includes a thermal line scanner and a processor. The thermal line scanner is positioned to capture a plurality of thermal line scans of the wheel or bearing. The processor is configured to analyze each of the plurality of thermal line scans, identify a selected line of the plurality of thermal line scans, and calculate the temperature of the wheel or the bearing based on the selected line. Thus, the system and method disclosed herein reduce the acquired thermal data first to a single line for one or both of the wheel temperature and bearing temperature and then to single values.

Embodiments include systems and methods for heating materials, including heating materials for cooking and soldering. A representative system and method for cooking food includes passing electric current through the food, sensing a characteristic of the food, and modulating the electric current in response to the characteristic of the food to achieve a selected internal temperature of the food. The system and method can include searing the food with hot oil or photons directed at the surface of the food. A representative system and method for heating a material includes modulating a plurality of semiconductor light sources to emit photons toward the material, measuring a temperature of the material, and modulating the plurality of semiconductor light sources in response to the temperature of the material. The material can include solder and the method can include heating solder in a reflow soldering process.

Embodiments include systems and methods for heating materials, including heating materials for cooking and soldering. A representative system and method for cooking food includes passing electric current through the food, sensing a characteristic of the food, and modulating the electric current in response to the characteristic of the food to achieve a selected internal temperature of the food. The system and method can include searing the food with hot oil or photons directed at the surface of the food. A representative system and method for heating a material includes modulating a plurality of semiconductor light sources to emit photons toward the material, measuring a temperature of the material, and modulating the plurality of semiconductor light sources in response to the temperature of the material. The material can include solder and the method can include heating solder in a reflow soldering process.

A system for determining the temperature of a subject includes a thermographic camera and a passive reference object fixedly positioned relative to the thermographic camera with at least a portion of the reference object in a line of sight of the camera. In operation, the system captures temperature information of a subject and the reference object using the thermographic camera. The reference object has known physical properties, such that the reference object can be used as a base line for the system to determine fluctuations in the temperature information. The fluctuations are then removed from the temperature information of the subject to increase an accuracy of the temperature reading of the subject.