Provided is a parking space management system including a temperature sensor which can be attached to the floor of a parking lot and an evaluation unit connected to the temperature sensor. The evaluation unit uses the temperature sensor to evaluate at least one temperature profile in the region of the temperature sensor and outputs a signal depending on the temperature profile.

A fluidization measurement system for a gas phase reactor containing a fluidized bed includes a measurement probe coupled to a sidewall of the gas phase reactor. The measurement probe includes a support bar penetrating the sidewall and extending into the fluidized bed to a distance of at least 12% of a diameter of the gas phase reactor, and a plurality of sensors arranged along a length of the support bar to obtain measurements of at least one of temperature, pressure, and electrostatic charge at multiple points within the fluidized bed. A base plant control system is in communication with measurement probe to receive and process the measurements to determine real-time physical conditions and flow patterns of the fluidized bed.

A fluidization measurement system for a gas phase reactor containing a fluidized bed includes a measurement probe coupled to a sidewall of the gas phase reactor. The measurement probe includes a support bar penetrating the sidewall and extending into the fluidized bed to a distance of at least 12% of a diameter of the gas phase reactor, and a plurality of sensors arranged along a length of the support bar to obtain measurements of at least one of temperature, pressure, and electrostatic charge at multiple points within the fluidized bed. A base plant control system is in communication with measurement probe to receive and process the measurements to determine real-time physical conditions and flow patterns of the fluidized bed.

A method includes receiving data collected by at least one sensor on a robotic device, wherein the data is to be used for an ambient environment state representation, and wherein the data represents ambient environment measurements collected at locations of the at least one sensor when the robotic device is passively monitoring an environment such that robotic device navigation is not based on the ambient environment state representation. The method further includes determining the ambient environment state representation using the data collected by the at least one sensor on the robotic device. The method also includes identifying, based on the ambient environment state representation, one or more anomalous ambient environment measurements. The method additionally includes causing, based on the one or more identified anomalous ambient environment measurements, the robotic device to actively monitor the environment such that robotic device navigation is based on the ambient environment state representation.

A method includes receiving data collected by at least one sensor on a robotic device, wherein the data is to be used for an ambient environment state representation, and wherein the data represents ambient environment measurements collected at locations of the at least one sensor when the robotic device is passively monitoring an environment such that robotic device navigation is not based on the ambient environment state representation. The method further includes determining the ambient environment state representation using the data collected by the at least one sensor on the robotic device. The method also includes identifying, based on the ambient environment state representation, one or more anomalous ambient environment measurements. The method additionally includes causing, based on the one or more identified anomalous ambient environment measurements, the robotic device to actively monitor the environment such that robotic device navigation is based on the ambient environment state representation.

The present disclosure is of an atmospheric characterization system that has a central processing board that has a first and a second communication interface. Further, the atmospheric characterization system further has a first precision temperature sensor that is communicatively coupled to the central processing board via the first communication interface and positioned a distance from a first side of the processing board, wherein the precision temperature measures a first temperature and transfers data indicative of the first temperature to the central processing board. In addition, the atmospheric characterization system has a second precision temperature sensor that is communicatively coupled to the central processing board via the second communication interface and positioned the distance from a second opposing side of the processing board such that the first precision temperature sensor and the second precision temperature sensor are equidistance from the processing board and a distance between the first precision sensor and the second precision sensor is a predetermined distance, r, and the second precision temperature sensor measures a second temperature and transfers data indicative of the second temperature to the central processing board simultaneously with the transferring of the first temperature. Additionally, the atmospheric characterization system has a processor that receives the first temperature and the second temperature and calculates a value indicative of atmospheric turbulence based upon the first temperature and the second temperature, wherein the value indicative of the atmospheric turbulence is used for designing, modifying, calibrating, or correcting an optical system.

The present disclosure is of an atmospheric characterization system that has a central processing board that has a first and a second communication interface. Further, the atmospheric characterization system further has a first precision temperature sensor that is communicatively coupled to the central processing board via the first communication interface and positioned a distance from a first side of the processing board, wherein the precision temperature measures a first temperature and transfers data indicative of the first temperature to the central processing board. In addition, the atmospheric characterization system has a second precision temperature sensor that is communicatively coupled to the central processing board via the second communication interface and positioned the distance from a second opposing side of the processing board such that the first precision temperature sensor and the second precision temperature sensor are equidistance from the processing board and a distance between the first precision sensor and the second precision sensor is a predetermined distance, r, and the second precision temperature sensor measures a second temperature and transfers data indicative of the second temperature to the central processing board simultaneously with the transferring of the first temperature. Additionally, the atmospheric characterization system has a processor that receives the first temperature and the second temperature and calculates a value indicative of atmospheric turbulence based upon the first temperature and the second temperature, wherein the value indicative of the atmospheric turbulence is used for designing, modifying, calibrating, or correcting an optical system.

A system for determining a temperature of an object includes a three-dimensional (3D) printer configured to successively deposit a first layer of material, a second layer of material, and a third layer of material to form the object. The 3D printer is configured to form a recess in the second layer of material. The material is a metal. The system also includes a temperature sensor configured to be positioned at least partially with the recess and to have the third layer deposited thereon. The temperature sensor is configured to measure a temperature of the first layer of material, the second layer of material, the third layer of material, or a combination thereof.

There is provided a temperature sensor including an optical fiber, and a sensing element spaced from the optical fiber. The sensing element is encapsulated in a optically transparent, non-porous material, isolating the sensing element from a surrounding environment. The optical fiber is aligned with the sensing element to deliver a source beam to interact with the sensing element and detect a return beam, where the return beam exhibits a temperature dependent property that is measured to determine a temperature of a measured object thermally coupled to the sensing element.

There is provided a temperature sensor including an optical fiber, and a sensing element spaced from the optical fiber. The sensing element is encapsulated in a optically transparent, non-porous material, isolating the sensing element from a surrounding environment. The optical fiber is aligned with the sensing element to deliver a source beam to interact with the sensing element and detect a return beam, where the return beam exhibits a temperature dependent property that is measured to determine a temperature of a measured object thermally coupled to the sensing element.