A sensor element for detecting a level of a gas component in the measured gas or a temperature of the measured gas. The sensor element includes at least one solid electrolyte layer. The solid electrolyte layer has at least one plated-through hole. The sensor element further includes a conductive element, which produces an electrically conductive connection through the plated-through hole. In the plated-through hole, the solid electrolyte layer is electrically insulated from the conductive element by an insulating element. At least one opening region of the plated-through hole is stabilized against phase transition by a stabilizing element. The stabilizing element is made at least partially of a material, which includes a noble metal and an element selected from the group consisting of: V, Nb, Ta, Sb, Bi, Cr, Mo, W. A method for manufacturing the sensor element is also provided.

A thermal event identification device for detecting thermal events in a battery pack with at least one battery cell. The thermal identification device includes a heat sensitive component, an electrically conductive substrate and a capsule containing an electrolyte. Below a lower threshold temperature, the substrate has a first resistance value. When the heat sensitive component is heated above the threshold temperature the electrolyte is released from the capsule and the substrate is soaked in the electrolyte. This changes the resistance of the substrate to a different resistance value. By measuring the resistance of the electrically conductive substance, a controller can determine whether a thermal event has occurred. The heat sensitive component is positioned adjacent to a battery cell to identify thermal events related to the battery cell.

Disclosed are a defect monitoring apparatus and detection method for a transformer oil conservator based on edge computing. The monitoring apparatus includes: a sensing terminal, an edge intelligent gateway, a monitoring terminal, an oil conservator defect monitoring cloud platform, and a client terminal. The edge intelligent gateway and the monitoring terminal are both disposed in a substation. The monitoring terminal is configured to access the edge intelligent gateway. The sensing terminal includes: an airflow sensor, an oil temperature sensor, an ambient temperature sensor, and a microwave oil level measurement assembly. The sensing terminal sends detection data information to the edge intelligent gateway, and the edge intelligent gateway stores and determines a category of the detection data information. The present disclosure can recognize capsule damage, partial blockage of a breathing circuit, leakage in the breathing circuit, moisture impurities in a breathing tube, and false oil level.

Disclosed are a defect monitoring apparatus and detection method for a transformer oil conservator based on edge computing. The monitoring apparatus includes: a sensing terminal, an edge intelligent gateway, a monitoring terminal, an oil conservator defect monitoring cloud platform, and a client terminal. The edge intelligent gateway and the monitoring terminal are both disposed in a substation. The monitoring terminal is configured to access the edge intelligent gateway. The sensing terminal includes: an airflow sensor, an oil temperature sensor, an ambient temperature sensor, and a microwave oil level measurement assembly. The sensing terminal sends detection data information to the edge intelligent gateway, and the edge intelligent gateway stores and determines a category of the detection data information. The present disclosure can recognize capsule damage, partial blockage of a breathing circuit, leakage in the breathing circuit, moisture impurities in a breathing tube, and false oil level.