Provided is a noninvasive measuring method for rapid temperature variation under a DC excitation magnetic field, comprising: (1) positioning ferromagnetic particles at a measured object; (2) applying a DC magnetic field to area of the ferromagnetic particles enabling the ferromagnetic particles to reach saturation magnetization state; (3) obtaining steady temperature T.sub.1 of the measured object at room temperature, and calculating initial spontaneous magnetization M.sub.1, of the ferromagnetic particles according to the steady temperature T.sub.1; (4) detecting amplitude A of a magnetization variation signal of the ferromagnetic particles after temperature of the measured object varies, and calculating temperature T.sub.2 after change according to the amplitude A of the magnetization variation signal; and (5) calculating temperature variation T=T.sub.2-T.sub.1 according to the temperature T.sub.2 after change and the steady temperature T.sub.1. The present invention can realize noninvasive temperature measurement with high speed and high accuracy so as to resolve technical problems of low speed and low precision.

Provided is a noninvasive measuring method for rapid temperature variation under a DC excitation magnetic field, comprising: (1) positioning ferromagnetic particles at a measured object; (2) applying a DC magnetic field to area of the ferromagnetic particles enabling the ferromagnetic particles to reach saturation magnetization state; (3) obtaining steady temperature T.sub.1 of the measured object at room temperature, and calculating initial spontaneous magnetization M.sub.1, of the ferromagnetic particles according to the steady temperature T.sub.1; (4) detecting amplitude A of a magnetization variation signal of the ferromagnetic particles after temperature of the measured object varies, and calculating temperature T.sub.2 after change according to the amplitude A of the magnetization variation signal; and (5) calculating temperature variation T=T.sub.2-T.sub.1 according to the temperature T.sub.2 after change and the steady temperature T.sub.1. The present invention can realize noninvasive temperature measurement with high speed and high accuracy so as to resolve technical problems of low speed and low precision.

The invention relates to a method for determining and regulating the temperature of an article with inductive properties which is heated inductively by means of an induction device, wherein the induction device contains an induction coil, means for producing an induction resonant circuit and a support element arranged above the induction coil and having a first side, which acts as support face for the article, and a second side, which is directed towards the inductive coil. At least one temperature sensor is fitted to the second side. The resonant frequency of the induction resonant circuit is measured via detection means and the temperature of the article is calculated from the measured resonant frequency, wherein the resonant frequency is related to the temperature of the article by virtue of a mathematical function, and the function is determined by determining at least two absolute temperature calibration values of the article at respectively different resonant frequencies. The temperature calibration values are calculated from temperature measured values of the sensor.

The invention relates to a method for determining and regulating the temperature of an article with inductive properties which is heated inductively by means of an induction device, wherein the induction device contains an induction coil, means for producing an induction resonant circuit and a support element arranged above the induction coil and having a first side, which acts as support face for the article, and a second side, which is directed towards the inductive coil. At least one temperature sensor is fitted to the second side. The resonant frequency of the induction resonant circuit is measured via detection means and the temperature of the article is calculated from the measured resonant frequency, wherein the resonant frequency is related to the temperature of the article by virtue of a mathematical function, and the function is determined by determining at least two absolute temperature calibration values of the article at respectively different resonant frequencies. The temperature calibration values are calculated from temperature measured values of the sensor.

A temperature measurement system for an aerosol-generating device includes a magnetic field source, a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material, a force sensor, configured to measure an attractive force between the magnetic field source and the ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material. The temperature measurement system further includes a memory, on which pre-recorded data is stored that associates at least one force value with a value that is indicative for the temperature of the ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material, and a control unit that is configured to determine a temperature information on the basis of a measured force value from the force sensor and the pre-recorded data. A method for measuring a temperature in an aerosol-generating device is also provided.

A thermomagnetic sensor, measurement system and a method of measuring temperature employ a thermomagnetic probe to measure temperature of a device using a thermomagnetic effect. The thermomagnetic sensor includes a plurality of coils configured to provide a mutual inductance measurement between a selected pair of coils of the plurality and the thermomagnetic probe between the selected pair. The thermomagnetic probe includes a ferromagnetic material having a temperature-dependent magnetic permeability determined from the mutual inductance measurement. A predetermined relationship between the temperature-dependent magnetic permeability and temperature in a range between a maximum magnetic permeability value and a Curie temperature provides a measurement of a temperature local to the thermomagnetic probe.

A device and method is provided for inductively heating a heating element, particularly via a magnetic field generated by an induction coil, having an induction coil connected to a resonant circuit, whereby the resonant circuit has at least one first capacitor and at least one first current source, and the coil has a specific inductance and a resistance, and the material of the heating element has a constant permeability at least in temperature subranges, and a method for determining a temperature of a heating element.

Disclosed is a technique for characterizing a product utilizing novel measurements based on the reactive and resistive signals exhibited by the product in an electromagnetic field.

Medical or dental instruments, preferably handpieces, can have different temperature-measuring devices for measuring the temperature in the instrument or of at least a part of the instrument. The temperature-measuring devices can be designed, for example, to measure the temperature contactlessly by detection of electromagnetic radiation or to measure the temperature of an interior of the instrument that can be heated by a heat source. The temperature-measuring devices may be designed, for example, as electrical temperature-measuring devices or may have a magnetic material whose magnetic property is a function of temperature and/or has a temperature-dependent course. The temperature-measuring device may have, for example, an electrical switching device and a signal device wherein the signal device is switched at least between a first signal condition and a second signal condition when a temperature limit value is reached or exceeded or is underrun.

An MNP machine provides a bias field consisting of a low frequency alternating magnetic field and possibly a static magnetic field to a volume in possibly different directions; RF drive coils driven at an FMR/EPR frequency of MNPs in the bias field, and pickup coils or magnetometers measuring the magnetization induced in the MNPs by the bias fields and possibly the RF absorption. The computer derives MNP MPS/MSB spectra, magnetic particle images, or heats the MNPs using the EPR/FMR frequency field. A method of imaging or localizing the MNPs includes applying a magnetic field gradient; applying RF at an EPR/FMR frequency of the MNPs; sweeping magnetic bias field strength or RF frequency to sweep a resonance surface; applying RF at the EPR/FMR frequency, observing EPR/FMR resonances; rotating the magnetic bias field relative to the subject and resweeping the surface; and reconstructing a three-dimensional distribution of MNPs.