A temperature estimation apparatus includes: a first temperature sensor that measures first temperature of first part of a target that has a heat source; a second temperature sensor that measures second temperature of second part that is farther from the heat source than the first part; and a processor. The processor obtains temperature-for-estimation data regarding the first and second temperatures that are measured in a state where a predetermined condition is satisfied, the predetermined condition corresponding to a certain state of change in the temperature of the heat source. Based on the obtained temperature-for-estimation data, the processor obtains a single thermal resistance parameter in a thermal model. Based on the obtained thermal resistance parameter and the measured first and second temperatures, the processor estimates the temperature of the heat source as a deep-body temperature of the target.

Embodiments described herein are directed to a temperature measurement device that includes a sensor body configured to be placed on a skin of a user. The temperature measurement device can include a first section defining a first lower surface and having a first thickness, a second section defining a second lower surface and having a second thickness, and a channel separating the first lower surface from the second lower surface. The temperature measurement device can also include a first set of temperature sensors positioned across the first thickness, a second set of temperature sensors positioned across the second thickness, and a processor configured to estimate a tissue temperature of the user based on comparing temperature signals from the first set of temperature sensors with temperature signals from the second set of temperature sensors.

A core body temperature estimation device includes a core body temperature acquisition unit that acquires a core body temperature, at a first time, of an estimation target subject targeted for core body temperature estimation, a beat acquisition unit that acquires a beat, in a period including the first time, of the estimation target subject, and an estimation unit that estimates the core body temperature of the estimation target subject, based on the core body temperature at the first time acquired by the core body temperature acquisition unit and the beat in the period including the first time acquired by the beat acquisition unit, by using a core body temperature estimation model that estimates a core body temperature at a predetermined time, based on a core body temperature at an initial time and a beat from the initial time to the predetermined time.

Embodiments are directed to an electronic device configured to measure temperature from within an ear canal having a first bend, a second bend, and a tympanic membrane. The device comprises an enclosure comprising an in-canal section dimensioned for deployment in the ear canal. The in-canal section comprises a trough extending axially along at least a portion of the in-canal section and arranged to be positioned between the first bend and the tympanic membrane when the in-canal section is fully deployed in the ear canal. A temperature sensor is disposed in the trough. The temperature sensor comprises a flexible circuit board, a distal temperature sensor disposed on the flexible circuit board, and a proximal temperature sensor disposed on the flexible circuit board and situated proximal of, and spaced apart from, the distal temperature sensor in an outer ear direction.

A process fluid temperature calculation system includes a first temperature sensor disposed to measure an external temperature of a process fluid conduit. The process fluid temperature calculation system has a stem portion having a known thermal impedance. A second temperature sensor is spaced from the first temperature sensor by the stem portion. Measurement circuitry is coupled to the first and second temperature sensors. A microprocessor is coupled to the measurement circuitry to receive temperature information from the measurement circuitry and to provide an estimate of temperature of process fluid within the process fluid conduit using a heat flux calculation.

A method for estimating a temperature of a motor of a pitch drive mechanism of a rotor blade of a wind turbine includes monitoring, via at least one sensor, an actual temperature and at least one additional operating condition of the motor during a normal operating period of the wind turbine. The method also includes storing, via a pitch controller, the monitored temperatures and the monitored additional operating conditions of the motor for the normal operating period. Further, the method includes determining a relationship between the monitored temperatures and the monitored additional operating conditions of the motor for the normal operating period. Thus, in the event that the sensor fails to operate, the method includes determining, via the pitch controller, an estimated temperature of the motor based on the relationship.

Provided are a process estimation system and a process data estimation method for appropriately estimating process data, and a program. The process estimation system includes: an input part configured to input actual sensor data detected by a sensor of a substrate processing apparatus; a virtual sensor data generation part configured to generate virtual sensor data for a virtual sensor based on the actual sensor data and a physical model; and a process data estimation part configured to estimate process data based on the virtual sensor data.

A measurement device includes: a sensor having a temperature sensor and a heat flux sensor; a first thermal rectification member that is disposed on a side of the sensor opposite from a side of the sensor configured to be in contact with a surface of a skin of a living body which is a measurement surface of a measurement target, and that is composed of a material having a higher thermal conductivity than air; and a structural member that is placed to be in contact with the measurement surface and that is spaced from the sensor and encloses the sensor.

The battery degradation detection device includes an impedance measurement unit and a degradation detection unit. The impedance measurement unit measures impedances of a battery at a plurality of frequencies. The impedance for at least one of the plurality of frequencies, measured by the impedance measurement unit, has a positive imaginary component. The degradation detection unit detects degradation of the battery on the basis of real components of the impedances at the plurality of frequencies detected by the impedance measurement unit.

A fault detection system and method includes a sensor; a processing unit; and an output unit. The sensor is configured to acquire temperature data at a sensor location of a device, wherein the temperature data comprises first temperature data and second temperature data acquired a first time period after the first temperature data. The processing unit determines a temperature magnitude comprising utilization of the first temperature data and/or the second temperature data, and determines a rate of change of temperature. The processing unit predicts a temperature at a location of the device using the temperature magnitude, the rate of change of temperature, and a correlation, wherein the correlation is a correlation of a plurality of temperature magnitudes and a plurality of rate of change of temperatures at the sensor location with a plurality of hotspot temperatures at the location.