An indicator capable of determining accumulated temperatures of about 500° C..Math.h and about 1000° C..Math.h are important indexes in quality management for cut flowers. The indicator includes a first packet containing first solution and a second packet containing second solution. The first and second solutions are brought into contact by pressing either packet, and a first color change from transparent color to pale blue color and a second color change from blue color to brown color are generated by Maillard reaction. The first solution includes sugar and solvent, and the second solution includes amino acid, pH adjuster, and solvent. An accumulated temperature is within 500° C..Math.h when the indicator shows a transparent color, and the accumulated temperature is within 1000° C..Math.h when the indicator shows a blue color. The accumulated temperatures can be readily checked by one look so that remaining vase life of the cut flowers can be determined.

A thermochromic indicator and its use for visually determining whether adjacent surfaces of overlapping edge portions of side-by-side roofing membrane segments have been sufficiently heated to a preselected temperature threshold to achieve a desired weld therebetween to correspondingly seal the roofing membrane seam.

A thermochromic indicator and its use for visually determining whether adjacent surfaces of overlapping edge portions of side-by-side roofing membrane segments have been sufficiently heated to a preselected temperature threshold to achieve a desired weld therebetween to correspondingly seal the roofing membrane seam.

The invention provides a colour change composition containing an electron donating organic colouring compound, an electron accepting compound and a compound of formula (I): wherein E is an ester linkage O—CO or —CO2, R is independently selected from an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl group, alkenyl cycloalkyl group, alkenyl group, alkoxy group, aryl and alkylene aryl group having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms; Y.sub.1 Y.sub.2 X.sub.1 and X2 are independently selected from hydrogen, R′, —OR′ and halogen; wherein R′ is independently selected from an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkoxy group, aryl group and an alkylene aryl group; having from 5 to 22 carbon atoms; r and p each represent and integer from 0 to 3. The compound of formula (I) and compositions of the invention are useful in providing a colour change effect, in memory compositions and visual indicators, particularly in security and healthcare applications.

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The invention provides a colour change composition containing an electron donating organic colouring compound, an electron accepting compound and a compound of formula (I): wherein E is an ester linkage O—CO or —CO2, R is independently selected from an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl group, alkenyl cycloalkyl group, alkenyl group, alkoxy group, aryl and alkylene aryl group having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms; Y.sub.1 Y.sub.2 X.sub.1 and X2 are independently selected from hydrogen, R′, —OR′ and halogen; wherein R′ is independently selected from an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkoxy group, aryl group and an alkylene aryl group; having from 5 to 22 carbon atoms; r and p each represent and integer from 0 to 3. The compound of formula (I) and compositions of the invention are useful in providing a colour change effect, in memory compositions and visual indicators, particularly in security and healthcare applications.

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A pressure sensor 1 according to the first aspect of the invention includes: a substrate 50; and a functional element 40 which is laid on the substrate 50 and is composed of functional titanium oxide including crystal grains of at least one of β-phase trititanium pentoxide (β-Ti.sub.3O.sub.5) and λ-phase trititanium pentoxide (λ-Ti.sub.3O.sub.5) and having the property that at least a portion of crystal grains of at least one of β-phase trititanium pentoxide (β-Ti.sub.3O.sub.5) and λ-phase trititanium pentoxide (λ-Ti.sub.3O.sub.5) change into crystal grains of titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) when the functional titanium oxide is heated to 350° C. or higher. The substrate 50 includes a substrate thin-film section 51 having a thin film form in which the thickness in the stacking direction of the substrate 50 and the functional element 40 is smaller than that in the other directions.

A thermographic sensing device for measuring temperatures at one or more regions of the human body, particularly the breast, utilizes a thermographic composition deposited into linear arrays of recesses formed in the lobes of a conformable medium which is disposable against the skin. The thermographic composition includes a binary solvent system and at least one colorant, wherein the compositions in each array are formulated to melt at precise temperatures, within a diagnostically temperature relevant range, to change from a first visible color to a second visible color.

An optically transparent matrix including a molecule containing a hydroxyazobenzene group or its derivative embedded in the matrix. An optical system including the optically transparent matrix, an isomerizing light source, and one or more light detector(s) for measuring absorbance changes from the optically transparent matrix. A method for measuring the quantity of hydrogen bonding gaseous molecules.

A method for displaying and detecting temperature field distribution of a fluid surface applies a stimulus-responsive compound to high-resolution and high-precision imaging of a temperature field of a fluid for the first time. Under physical or chemical stimulation, an imaging developer visualizes the temperature field distribution of the fluid surface. The method for displaying and detecting temperature field distribution of the fluid surface includes dissolving or dispersing an imaging reagent in a fluid, stimulating the fluid surface to change a color or a fluorescence of the imaging reagent, collecting images of a generated color or a generated fluorescence to obtain a temperature field distribution diagram of the fluid surface.

A method for displaying and detecting temperature field distribution of a fluid surface applies a stimulus-responsive compound to high-resolution and high-precision imaging of a temperature field of a fluid for the first time. Under physical or chemical stimulation, an imaging developer visualizes the temperature field distribution of the fluid surface. The method for displaying and detecting temperature field distribution of the fluid surface includes dissolving or dispersing an imaging reagent in a fluid, stimulating the fluid surface to change a color or a fluorescence of the imaging reagent, collecting images of a generated color or a generated fluorescence to obtain a temperature field distribution diagram of the fluid surface.