An indicator tab comprising a thermochromic material is mounted in thermal contact with an electrical component in an enclosure. An observation port in a cover of the enclosure is juxtaposed with the indicator tab enabling visual observation of the thermochromic material indicating a temperature of the component. Each indicator tab comprises a visible portion on one end of an arm where the thermochromic material is located and a fastening portion on the other end thermally contacting the component. The indicator tab is composed of a material having a high thermal conductivity to efficiently conduct heat toward the visible portion. In an enclosure where the components are close together, the arm may be composed of a high electrical resistivity material to avoid creating a short circuit with other components. Alternately, in an enclosure where the components are not closely positioned, the arm may be composed of a metallic material.

An indicator tab comprising a thermochromic material is mounted in thermal contact with an electrical component in an enclosure. An observation port in a cover of the enclosure is juxtaposed with the indicator tab enabling visual observation of the thermochromic material indicating a temperature of the component. Each indicator tab comprises a visible portion on one end of an arm where the thermochromic material is located and a fastening portion on the other end thermally contacting the component. The indicator tab is composed of a material having a high thermal conductivity to efficiently conduct heat toward the visible portion. In an enclosure where the components are close together, the arm may be composed of a high electrical resistivity material to avoid creating a short circuit with other components. Alternately, in an enclosure where the components are not closely positioned, the arm may be composed of a metallic material.

An apparatus, system and method for a time temperature indicator (TTI) which is capable of providing a summary of the time and temperature history of a good to which it is coupled, optionally including with regard to providing an indication as to whether one or more temperature thresholds have been breached. According to other embodiments, the TTI specifically provides an indication as to whether a temperature threshold at or around the freeze point has been breached, optionally even without providing a time and temperature history.

Various methods for sensing and/or heating that utilize nanostructures or carbon structures, such as nanotubes, nanotube meshes, or graphene sheets, are disclosed. In some methods, at least a pair of contacts are electrically coupled with a given nanostructure or carbon structure to sense a change or to pass a current for heating.

Various methods for sensing and/or heating that utilize nanostructures or carbon structures, such as nanotubes, nanotube meshes, or graphene sheets, are disclosed. In some methods, at least a pair of contacts are electrically coupled with a given nanostructure or carbon structure to sense a change or to pass a current for heating.

A temperature display device issuing apparatus is configured to issue a temperature display device including a temperature indicator having a function of starting temperature detection when irradiated with light. The temperature display device issuing apparatus includes: a printing/recording device configured to print time information on the temperature display device; an irradiation device configured to irradiate the light onto the temperature indicator of the temperature display device; and a controller configured to control printing in the printing/recording device and irradiation in the irradiation device.

A temperature display device issuing apparatus is configured to issue a temperature display device including a temperature indicator having a function of starting temperature detection when irradiated with light. The temperature display device issuing apparatus includes: a printing/recording device configured to print time information on the temperature display device; an irradiation device configured to irradiate the light onto the temperature indicator of the temperature display device; and a controller configured to control printing in the printing/recording device and irradiation in the irradiation device.

A single-crystal diamond material has a transmittance of light with a wavelength of greater than or equal to 410 nm and less than or equal to 750 nm of less than or equal to 15% for any wavelength, and is at least either of an electrical insulator according to optical evaluation and an electrical insulator according to electrical evaluation. A criterion of the optical evaluation can be a transmittance of light with a wavelength of 10.6 m of greater than or equal to 1%. A criterion of the electrical evaluation can be an average resistivity of greater than or equal to 110.sup.6 cm. Accordingly, a single-crystal diamond material having a low transmittance of light in the entire region of the visible light region and exhibiting a black color is provided.

A single-crystal diamond material has a transmittance of light with a wavelength of greater than or equal to 410 nm and less than or equal to 750 nm of less than or equal to 15% for any wavelength, and is at least either of an electrical insulator according to optical evaluation and an electrical insulator according to electrical evaluation. A criterion of the optical evaluation can be a transmittance of light with a wavelength of 10.6 m of greater than or equal to 1%. A criterion of the electrical evaluation can be an average resistivity of greater than or equal to 110.sup.6 cm. Accordingly, a single-crystal diamond material having a low transmittance of light in the entire region of the visible light region and exhibiting a black color is provided.

An ultrasonic sensor includes a two-dimensional array of ultrasonic transducers. A signal generator is configured to generate a plurality of transmit signals, wherein each transmit signal of the plurality of transmit signals has a different phase delay relative to other transmit signals of the plurality of transmit signals. A plurality of shift registers is configured to store a beamforming space including a beamforming pattern to apply to the two-dimensional array, wherein the beamforming pattern identifies a transmit signal of the plurality of transmit signals that is applied to each ultrasonic transducer of the beamforming space that is activated during a transmit operation. An array controller is configured to control activation of ultrasonic transducers during a transmit operation according to the beamforming pattern and configured to shift a position of the beamforming space within the plurality of shift registers such that the beamforming space moves within the two-dimensional array.