An integrated temperature sensor comprises a chip package enclosing an integrated circuit and an ultrasonic transceiver which is integrated on top of the integrated circuit. The ultrasonic transceiver comprises a transmitting element which is arranged for emitting ultrasound waves, and a receiving element which is arranged for receiving ultrasound waves. The chip package comprises at least one barrier arranged at a defined position in the chip package. The barrier is designed to at least partly reflect ultrasound waves emitted by the transmitting element towards the receiving element. The integrated circuit comprises an actuator element to actuate the transmitting element to emit ultrasound waves according to a first signal s(t), and a converter element to convert an ultrasound wave, received by the receiving element, into a second signal y(t). Furthermore, a method for producing an integrated temperature sensor and a method for determining a temperature by means of an integrated temperature sensor are presented.

A brake temperature sensing system for an aircraft including a sensor apparatus and an interrogation apparatus. The sensor apparatus includes a temperature sensor for attachment to a brake disc of an aircraft brake, and a relay for attachment to the brake. The temperature sensor is configured to wirelessly transmit a measurement signal containing information relating to a temperature of the brake disc, responsive to receiving a wireless interrogation signal. The relay is configured to receive an interrogation signal from the interrogation apparatus; wirelessly transmit the interrogation signal to the temperature sensor; receive the wireless measurement signal from the temperature sensor; and transmit the received measurement signal. The interrogation apparatus comprises a controller configured to generate an interrogation signal; and a transceiver configured to transmit the generated interrogation signal to the sensor apparatus; and receive the measurement signal transmitted by the sensor apparatus.

A brake temperature sensing system for an aircraft including a sensor apparatus and an interrogation apparatus. The sensor apparatus includes a temperature sensor for attachment to a brake disc of an aircraft brake, and a relay for attachment to the brake. The temperature sensor is configured to wirelessly transmit a measurement signal containing information relating to a temperature of the brake disc, responsive to receiving a wireless interrogation signal. The relay is configured to receive an interrogation signal from the interrogation apparatus; wirelessly transmit the interrogation signal to the temperature sensor; receive the wireless measurement signal from the temperature sensor; and transmit the received measurement signal. The interrogation apparatus comprises a controller configured to generate an interrogation signal; and a transceiver configured to transmit the generated interrogation signal to the sensor apparatus; and receive the measurement signal transmitted by the sensor apparatus.

The present disclosure provides a system and a method for measuring hot-spot temperature of a transformer, wherein the measurement system comprises a processor, an oscilloscope and a plurality of ultrasonic sensors, wherein the ultrasonic sensors are oppositely arranged on an outer wall of a transformer oil tank and electrically connected with the oscilloscope, and the oscilloscope is electrically connected with the processor; the ultrasonic sensors receive signals transmitted by the oppositely arranged ultrasonic sensors and transmit them to the oscilloscope. The method, by applying an ultrasonic wave to measure the hot-spot temperature of a transformer in real time, solves the problems that methods in the prior art are susceptible to the external environment, have short service life and cannot correctly measure the internal temperature of the transformer.

The present disclosure provides a system and a method for measuring hot-spot temperature of a transformer, wherein the measurement system comprises a processor, an oscilloscope and a plurality of ultrasonic sensors, wherein the ultrasonic sensors are oppositely arranged on an outer wall of a transformer oil tank and electrically connected with the oscilloscope, and the oscilloscope is electrically connected with the processor; the ultrasonic sensors receive signals transmitted by the oppositely arranged ultrasonic sensors and transmit them to the oscilloscope. The method, by applying an ultrasonic wave to measure the hot-spot temperature of a transformer in real time, solves the problems that methods in the prior art are susceptible to the external environment, have short service life and cannot correctly measure the internal temperature of the transformer.

An internal temperature measurement device includes a sound wave sensor that transmits a sound wave to a subject and receives a reflected sound wave reflected by the subject, a time measurement device that measures an elapsed time elapsed between transmission of the sound wave from the sound wave sensor and reception of the reflected sound wave, a sound velocity calculator that calculates a sound velocity in the subject according to the elapsed time measured by the time measurement device, and an internal temperature derivation device that determines an internal temperature of the subject according to the sound velocity calculated by the sound velocity calculator.

An internal temperature measurement device includes a sound wave sensor that transmits a sound wave to a subject and receives a reflected sound wave reflected by the subject, a time measurement device that measures an elapsed time elapsed between transmission of the sound wave from the sound wave sensor and reception of the reflected sound wave, a sound velocity calculator that calculates a sound velocity in the subject according to the elapsed time measured by the time measurement device, and an internal temperature derivation device that determines an internal temperature of the subject according to the sound velocity calculated by the sound velocity calculator.

Temperature measurement is an important part of many potential applications in the fields of metallurgy. Conventional temperature measurement methods do not provide accurate and precise average temperature of fluid inside an enclosed chamber. The present disclosure provides multi-sensory techniques for measuring average temperature of mixed fluid inside a chamber. The average temperature is measured based on acoustic interferometry technique on standing wave and inputs received from one or more sensors and radar. The present disclosure utilizes radar to compensate the effect of fumes, noise based on Doppler effect. Further, the inputs received from the one or more sensors are used to determine the concentration of one or more fluids present in the chamber. The method of proposed disclosure depends on the principle of dependence of temperature on sound speed in fluid. So, measurement of sound speed can be mapped to report average temperature of mixed fluid inside the chamber.

Temperature measurement is an important part of many potential applications in the fields of metallurgy. Conventional temperature measurement methods do not provide accurate and precise average temperature of fluid inside an enclosed chamber. The present disclosure provides multi-sensory techniques for measuring average temperature of mixed fluid inside a chamber. The average temperature is measured based on acoustic interferometry technique on standing wave and inputs received from one or more sensors and radar. The present disclosure utilizes radar to compensate the effect of fumes, noise based on Doppler effect. Further, the inputs received from the one or more sensors are used to determine the concentration of one or more fluids present in the chamber. The method of proposed disclosure depends on the principle of dependence of temperature on sound speed in fluid. So, measurement of sound speed can be mapped to report average temperature of mixed fluid inside the chamber.

An apparatus for measuring temperature in a layered environment includes an ultrasound transducer positioned perpendicular to an exterior surface of a first layer. The ultrasound transducer is in communication with a computer processor, power source, and computer-readable memory. The processor is configured to: measure a thickness of the first layer; measure an exterior surface temperature of the first layer; calculate an impedance of the first layer based on the thickness and the exterior surface temperature; and calculate an interior surface temperature of the first layer based on the impedance and the exterior surface temperature of the first layer.