A temperature measuring device includes an ultrasonic sensor attached to a rear surface side of the structural body having the multilayer structure, an acquisition unit configured to, through the ultrasonic sensor, acquire a signal of a reflected wave of an ultrasonic wave incident at the internal side of the structural body, an extraction unit configured to extract, from the signal of the reflected wave, a domain including a reflected wave reflected on a surface on the internal side of the structural body, and an identification unit configured to, based on a signal of the reflected wave in the extracted domain, identify the temperature of the surface on the internal side of the structural body.

Systems and devices for airflow measurements in rooms and air delivery ducts with low-cost, low-power, accurate, calibration-free, and compact wireless airflow sensors are provided. The system uses room and duct flow sonic anemometers and processing to measure air velocities and temperatures as well as allow control over the environmental conditioning systems. The anemometers use arrays of transmitter/receivers to simultaneously measure multiple sound paths and determine velocity vectors and volumetric flow paths. By transmitting in both directions along the paths between transceivers, differential times of flight (TOF) are measured. These determine both the velocity and temperature of the air along each path.

Systems and devices for airflow measurements in rooms and air delivery ducts with low-cost, low-power, accurate, calibration-free, and compact wireless airflow sensors are provided. The system uses room and duct flow sonic anemometers and processing to measure air velocities and temperatures as well as allow control over the environmental conditioning systems. The anemometers use arrays of transmitter/receivers to simultaneously measure multiple sound paths and determine velocity vectors and volumetric flow paths. By transmitting in both directions along the paths between transceivers, differential times of flight (TOF) are measured. These determine both the velocity and temperature of the air along each path.

A method of thermodynamic assessment of flow through a turbomachine having a compressor, comprising: receiving sensor readings from a plurality of acoustic sensors located about an intake for the turbomachine upstream of the compressor; and receiving pressure and stagnation temperature readings for the flow into the intake. A static temperature is determined for the flow into the intake and an average velocity of the flow over a flow area of the intake upstream of the compressor using the acoustic sensor readings. A mass flow rate of the flow through the intake is determined using the average velocity of the flow and the stagnation pressure.

A method of thermodynamic assessment of flow through a turbomachine having a compressor, comprising: receiving sensor readings from a plurality of acoustic sensors located about an intake for the turbomachine upstream of the compressor; and receiving pressure and stagnation temperature readings for the flow into the intake. A static temperature is determined for the flow into the intake and an average velocity of the flow over a flow area of the intake upstream of the compressor using the acoustic sensor readings. A mass flow rate of the flow through the intake is determined using the average velocity of the flow and the stagnation pressure.

A high-sensitivity single-crystal fiber temperature measurement method based on the acoustic anisotropy and doping modulation of single-crystal fibers uses single-crystal fibers upon crystal orientation optimization and/or doping ion modification as the probes of ultrasonic temperature sensors. Through crystal orientation optimization and/or doping modification of the single-crystal fibers, the invention improves the density and structural disorders of the single-crystal fibers while maintaining their structural stability to reduce the propagation speed of the ultrasonic waves in single-crystal fibers in a high-temperature environment, thus increasing the delay time between the reflected signals of the sensitive areas and improve the sensitivity of temperature measurements.

A high-sensitivity single-crystal fiber temperature measurement method based on the acoustic anisotropy and doping modulation of single-crystal fibers uses single-crystal fibers upon crystal orientation optimization and/or doping ion modification as the probes of ultrasonic temperature sensors. Through crystal orientation optimization and/or doping modification of the single-crystal fibers, the invention improves the density and structural disorders of the single-crystal fibers while maintaining their structural stability to reduce the propagation speed of the ultrasonic waves in single-crystal fibers in a high-temperature environment, thus increasing the delay time between the reflected signals of the sensitive areas and improve the sensitivity of temperature measurements.

The present disclosure discloses a method for on-line measurement of the polymer melt temperature, comprising: on-line measurement of ultrasonic sound velocity c of melt in an injection molding process, on-line measurement of melt pressure P in the injection molding process, and obtaining melt temperature T in the injection molding process by formula (1). The present disclosure also discloses an apparatus for on-line measurement of the polymer melt temperature. The method and the apparatus provided in the present disclosure may enable on-line and in-situ characterization of the melt density and further enable on-line quantitative measurement of the melt quality. Compared with infrared measurement methods, the method provided herein is significantly reduced in cost, which is of great significance to theoretical researches of crystallization process and shear heating.

The present disclosure discloses a method for on-line measurement of the polymer melt temperature, comprising: on-line measurement of ultrasonic sound velocity c of melt in an injection molding process, on-line measurement of melt pressure P in the injection molding process, and obtaining melt temperature T in the injection molding process by formula (1). The present disclosure also discloses an apparatus for on-line measurement of the polymer melt temperature. The method and the apparatus provided in the present disclosure may enable on-line and in-situ characterization of the melt density and further enable on-line quantitative measurement of the melt quality. Compared with infrared measurement methods, the method provided herein is significantly reduced in cost, which is of great significance to theoretical researches of crystallization process and shear heating.

A monitoring apparatus is disclosed herein. In various aspects, the monitoring apparatus includes a probe comprising a sensor to detect a condition within a water body, the sensor produces sensor data indicative of the condition within the water body. The probe includes a sound generator to propagates sound waves within the water body that communicate the sensor data from the probe, in various aspects. The monitoring apparatus includes an interface that is submersible within the water body, and the interface receives the sound waves from the sound generator, in various aspects. In various aspects, the interface is mechanically connected with the submersible probe when deployed for traversal of the interface together with the submersible probe about the water body. The mechanical connection between the probe and the interface may orient the probe with respect to the interface to direct the sound waves from the probe to the interface.