A temperature sensor that sufficiently has heat insulation property and the pressing force to a temperature measurement object to a degree allowing a ceramic paper to be substituted, and that has a good responsiveness, and a temperature detection device and an image formation device that include the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is disposed so as to maintain an abutting state with a temperature measurement object, the temperature sensor including: a thermosensitive element configured to detect the temperature of the temperature measurement object; a heat collection member configured to pressurize the temperature measurement object and to be thermally coupled with the thermosensitive element; and a holding member supporting the heat collection member and forming a space that faces the heat collection member.

Parameters relating to rotation of a motor (2) measured every constant time are acquired and the moving average of each constant interval of the parameters is calculated. The calculated moving averages are input to a training model trained so as to output a temperature of magnets attached to a rotor (7) of the motor (2) when the moving averages of the parameters relating to rotation of the motor (2) are input, and an estimated value of the magnet temperature output from the model is acquired. Next, the acquired estimated value of the magnet temperature is output.

Parameters relating to rotation of a motor (2) measured every constant time are acquired and the moving average of each constant interval of the parameters is calculated. The calculated moving averages are input to a training model trained so as to output a temperature of magnets attached to a rotor (7) of the motor (2) when the moving averages of the parameters relating to rotation of the motor (2) are input, and an estimated value of the magnet temperature output from the model is acquired. Next, the acquired estimated value of the magnet temperature is output.

A controller for a rotary electric machine may include: at least one memory that stores a temperature prediction data in which a relationship among a rotational speed of a rotary electric machine, a torque information of the rotary electric machine, a temperature of the rotary electric machine at a reference time point, and a temperature of the rotary electric machine after an estimation calculation period elapses from the reference time point, and at least one processor that, at every estimation calculation period, sets the last calculation time before the estimation calculation period as the reference time point, and, by referring to the temperature prediction data, calculates an estimation value of temperature of the rotary electric machine after the estimation calculation period elapses from the last calculation time.

A controller for a rotary electric machine may include: at least one memory that stores a temperature prediction data in which a relationship among a rotational speed of a rotary electric machine, a torque information of the rotary electric machine, a temperature of the rotary electric machine at a reference time point, and a temperature of the rotary electric machine after an estimation calculation period elapses from the reference time point, and at least one processor that, at every estimation calculation period, sets the last calculation time before the estimation calculation period as the reference time point, and, by referring to the temperature prediction data, calculates an estimation value of temperature of the rotary electric machine after the estimation calculation period elapses from the last calculation time.

A rotor life estimation device of a vacuum pump including a rotor rotatably driven by a motor and a rotor temperature detection section configured to detect a temperature of the rotor, comprises: an arithmetic section configured to calculate a strain equivalent corresponding to creep strain of the rotor based on a correlation between a creep strain speed equivalent and the temperature of the rotor and the temperature detected by the rotor temperature detection section; an estimation section configured to estimate a rotor life based on the calculated strain equivalent; and a providing section configured to provide information on the estimated rotor life.

A rotor life estimation device of a vacuum pump including a rotor rotatably driven by a motor and a rotor temperature detection section configured to detect a temperature of the rotor, comprises: an arithmetic section configured to calculate a strain equivalent corresponding to creep strain of the rotor based on a correlation between a creep strain speed equivalent and the temperature of the rotor and the temperature detected by the rotor temperature detection section; an estimation section configured to estimate a rotor life based on the calculated strain equivalent; and a providing section configured to provide information on the estimated rotor life.

The temperature sensor is provided with a pair of lead frames, a sensor portion connected to the pair of lead frames, and an insulating holding portion which is fixed to the pair of lead frames and holds the lead frames. The sensor portion is provided with an insulating film; a thin film thermistor portion formed as a pattern on the surface of the insulating film with a thermistor material; a pair of interdigitated electrodes formed as patterns having multiple comb portions and facing each other on the thin film thermistor portion; and a pair of pattern electrodes connected to the pair of interdigitated electrodes and formed as patterns on the surface of the insulating film. The pair of lead frames is extended and adhered to the surface of the insulating film disposing the thin film thermistor portion therebetween and is connected to the pair of pattern electrodes.

The temperature sensor is provided with a pair of lead frames, a sensor portion connected to the pair of lead frames, and an insulating holding portion which is fixed to the pair of lead frames and holds the lead frames. The sensor portion is provided with an insulating film; a thin film thermistor portion formed as a pattern on the surface of the insulating film with a thermistor material; a pair of interdigitated electrodes formed as patterns having multiple comb portions and facing each other on the thin film thermistor portion; and a pair of pattern electrodes connected to the pair of interdigitated electrodes and formed as patterns on the surface of the insulating film. The pair of lead frames is extended and adhered to the surface of the insulating film disposing the thin film thermistor portion therebetween and is connected to the pair of pattern electrodes.

A seal configured to seal a gap between a first component and a second component to at least partially retain a fluid on a first side of the seal in a space between the first component and the second component, the seal including a seal body having a radially outer periphery and a central opening configured to receive the first component or the second component, at least one sensor configured to detect a characteristic of the fluid and an adapter. The at least one sensor is disposed on the adapter, and the adapter has a first portion extending through the seal body at a location spaced from and radially between the radially outer periphery and the central opening and a second portion axially abutting the seal body on the first side of the seal.