The present invention provides a heat flux measurement system including a first wire, a first heat flux sensor singly provided in the middle of the first wire, a second wire including a first end connected to the first wire at a position closer to a first end of the first wire than the first heat flux sensor in which the second wire is formed of the same material as that of the first wire, a second heat flux sensor singly provided in the middle of the second wire, a first detection unit detecting a voltage between opposite ends of the first wire, and a second detection unit detecting a voltage between the first end of the first wire and a second end of the second wire.

The present invention provides a heat flux measurement system including a first wire, a first heat flux sensor singly provided in the middle of the first wire, a second wire including a first end connected to the first wire at a position closer to a first end of the first wire than the first heat flux sensor in which the second wire is formed of the same material as that of the first wire, a second heat flux sensor singly provided in the middle of the second wire, a first detection unit detecting a voltage between opposite ends of the first wire, and a second detection unit detecting a voltage between the first end of the first wire and a second end of the second wire.

A probe includes a base extending lengthwise between a proximal end and a distal end of the probe. A humidity sensor configured to measure a humidity value is disposed at the distal end. A temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature value has an ambient temperature sensing element that is spaced apart from the humidity sensor by a portion of the base and is disposed between the proximal end and the distal end. An interface disposed at the proximal end is configured to output a data signal indicative of humidity and to receive a power signal for heating the humidity sensor. Electronics is disposed on the base past the interface in a direction away from the proximal end and is coupled to the temperature and humidity sensors. The electronics is configured to provide the data signal to the interface as a function of the temperature humidity values.

A probe includes a base extending lengthwise between a proximal end and a distal end of the probe. A humidity sensor configured to measure a humidity value is disposed at the distal end. A temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature value has an ambient temperature sensing element that is spaced apart from the humidity sensor by a portion of the base and is disposed between the proximal end and the distal end. An interface disposed at the proximal end is configured to output a data signal indicative of humidity and to receive a power signal for heating the humidity sensor. Electronics is disposed on the base past the interface in a direction away from the proximal end and is coupled to the temperature and humidity sensors. The electronics is configured to provide the data signal to the interface as a function of the temperature humidity values.

An over-the-air test system for measuring the radiation performance as a function of temperature of a device under test is described, wherein the device under test has at least one antenna unit and at least one radio frequency circuit. The over-the-air test system comprises a measurement antenna unit, a measurement unit for at least one of signal generation and signal analysis, an enclosure that provides an internal space for accommodating the device under test for testing purposes in a sealed manner, and an atmosphere conditioning system that is configured to adapt the atmosphere within the internal space. The enclosure comprises at least one sealable opening via which the internal space is connectable with the atmosphere conditioning system to adapt the atmosphere within the internal space for the testing. Further, a method for measuring the over-the-air performance of a device under test is described.

An over-the-air test system for measuring the radiation performance as a function of temperature of a device under test is described, wherein the device under test has at least one antenna unit and at least one radio frequency circuit. The over-the-air test system comprises a measurement antenna unit, a measurement unit for at least one of signal generation and signal analysis, an enclosure that provides an internal space for accommodating the device under test for testing purposes in a sealed manner, and an atmosphere conditioning system that is configured to adapt the atmosphere within the internal space. The enclosure comprises at least one sealable opening via which the internal space is connectable with the atmosphere conditioning system to adapt the atmosphere within the internal space for the testing. Further, a method for measuring the over-the-air performance of a device under test is described.

A sample holder for the measurement of nuclear heating in a nuclear reactor, comprises: a body configured to contain a heat-sensitive sample along a longitudinal axis; and means for removing heat from the body to the exterior of the sample holder, wherein the means for removing heat from the body to the exterior of the sample holder comprise: a peripheral structure located on the periphery of the body; and a central structure mechanically linking the body and the peripheral structure, the central linking structure being configured to transfer heat radially, i.e. perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis, between the body and the peripheral structure. A calorimeter cell for the measurement of nuclear heating in a nuclear reactor, comprises: at least one sample holder; a seal-tight casing in which the sample holder is placed; and temperature-measuring means.

A method for determining the temperature of a metal strip (1) inside a cooling apparatus (4) of a hot rolling installation is implemented by an electronic device (12). This method includes acquiring a temperature measure of a strip portion at a current time instant; estimating, at the current time instant, a heat flux extracted from the strip portion inside the cooling apparatus according to a thermal model, and computing a strip portion temperature at a next time instant from the acquired temperature measure and the estimated extracted heat flux. The thermal model models an air cooling of the strip portion, a coolant header cooling of the strip portion by a coolant header and a remaining coolant cooling of the strip portion, wherein for the coolant header cooling the model models both an impingement cooling of the strip portion and a parallel flow cooling of the strip portion.

A gradient sensing probe system, and method of using same, including a sensing segment which includes a plurality of sensors, a support structure, and an electrical interface having first and second faces. The system further includes a housing, a power source, and an electronics package including a controller and disposed within the housing. The sensing segment is configured to measure external gradients and to exchange data with the controller. The power source is connected energetically to provide power to the sensing segment and the electronics package, and is controlled by the controller.

A gradient sensing probe system, and method of using same, including a sensing segment which includes a plurality of sensors, a support structure, and an electrical interface having first and second faces. The system further includes a housing, a power source, and an electronics package including a controller and disposed within the housing. The sensing segment is configured to measure external gradients and to exchange data with the controller. The power source is connected energetically to provide power to the sensing segment and the electronics package, and is controlled by the controller.