A method for determining the temperature of a metal strip (1) inside a cooling apparatus (4) of a hot rolling installation is implemented by an electronic device (12). This method includes acquiring a temperature measure of a strip portion at a current time instant; estimating, at the current time instant, a heat flux extracted from the strip portion inside the cooling apparatus according to a thermal model, and computing a strip portion temperature at a next time instant from the acquired temperature measure and the estimated extracted heat flux. The thermal model models an air cooling of the strip portion, a coolant header cooling of the strip portion by a coolant header and a remaining coolant cooling of the strip portion, wherein for the coolant header cooling the model models both an impingement cooling of the strip portion and a parallel flow cooling of the strip portion.

A system and a method capable of identifying a heat source position corresponding to a failure portion are provided. An analysis system according to the present invention is an analysis system that identifies a heat source position inside a semiconductor device, and includes a tester that applies an AC signal to the semiconductor device, an infrared camera that detects light from the semiconductor device according to the AC signal and outputs a detection signal, and a data analysis unit that identifies the heat source position based on the detection signal.

A system and a method capable of identifying a heat source position corresponding to a failure portion are provided. An analysis system according to the present invention is an analysis system that identifies a heat source position inside a semiconductor device, and includes a tester that applies an AC signal to the semiconductor device, an infrared camera that detects light from the semiconductor device according to the AC signal and outputs a detection signal, and a data analysis unit that identifies the heat source position based on the detection signal.

A method for determining a through-flow quantity in a fluid delivery system, in which a fluid is delivered by a pump, the pump including an electromotor and the electromotor being operated at a first speed when the electromotor is in operation and the through-flow quantity being determined from a measured motor power and the speed. The method includes (i) increasing the first speed to a second speed which is greater than the first speed; (ii) determining a second through-flow quantity at the second speed from the motor power and the second speed; (iii) determining a third through-flow quantity from the second through-flow quantity by extrapolation of the second speed to the first speed, wherein the third through-flow quantity is the target variable; and, (iv) reducing the speed back to the first speed once the second through-flow quantity has been determined.

A method for determining a through-flow quantity in a fluid delivery system, in which a fluid is delivered by a pump, the pump including an electromotor and the electromotor being operated at a first speed when the electromotor is in operation and the through-flow quantity being determined from a measured motor power and the speed. The method includes (i) increasing the first speed to a second speed which is greater than the first speed; (ii) determining a second through-flow quantity at the second speed from the motor power and the second speed; (iii) determining a third through-flow quantity from the second through-flow quantity by extrapolation of the second speed to the first speed, wherein the third through-flow quantity is the target variable; and, (iv) reducing the speed back to the first speed once the second through-flow quantity has been determined.

An over-the-air test system for measuring the radiation performance as a function of temperature of a device under test is described, wherein the device under test has at least one antenna unit and at least one radio frequency circuit. The over-the-air test system comprises a measurement antenna unit, a measurement unit for at least one of signal generation and signal analysis, an enclosure that provides an internal space for accommodating the device under test for testing purposes in a sealed manner, and an atmosphere conditioning system that is configured to adapt the atmosphere within the internal space. The enclosure comprises at least one sealable opening via which the internal space is connectable with the atmosphere conditioning system to adapt the atmosphere within the internal space for the testing. Further, a method for measuring the over-the-air performance of a device under test is described.

An over-the-air test system for measuring the radiation performance as a function of temperature of a device under test is described, wherein the device under test has at least one antenna unit and at least one radio frequency circuit. The over-the-air test system comprises a measurement antenna unit, a measurement unit for at least one of signal generation and signal analysis, an enclosure that provides an internal space for accommodating the device under test for testing purposes in a sealed manner, and an atmosphere conditioning system that is configured to adapt the atmosphere within the internal space. The enclosure comprises at least one sealable opening via which the internal space is connectable with the atmosphere conditioning system to adapt the atmosphere within the internal space for the testing. Further, a method for measuring the over-the-air performance of a device under test is described.

An expectation module determines an expected average power consumption of a heat pump for a predetermined period as a function of indoor and outdoor temperatures of the building during the predetermined period. A difference module determines a power difference between an average power consumption of the heat pump during the predetermined period and the expected average power consumption of the heat pump for the predetermined period. A grade determination module determines a grade of the heat pump for the predetermined period based on the power difference of the predetermined period. A reporting module generates a displayable report including the grade of the heat pump for the predetermined period.

An expectation module determines an expected average power consumption of a heat pump for a predetermined period as a function of indoor and outdoor temperatures of the building during the predetermined period. A difference module determines a power difference between an average power consumption of the heat pump during the predetermined period and the expected average power consumption of the heat pump for the predetermined period. A grade determination module determines a grade of the heat pump for the predetermined period based on the power difference of the predetermined period. A reporting module generates a displayable report including the grade of the heat pump for the predetermined period.

A support device comprises a piston rod and a fixed member arranged so that a target object is placed therebetween, and an elastic member is provided to the target object side of the fixed member. A monitoring device includes a heat flux sensor and a detection part. When the target object is supported between the piston rod and the fixed member due to force applied by the piston rod, the heat flux sensor outputs a signal corresponding to the heat flux flowing between the elastic member, which is compressed by the load applied from the piston rod, and the fixed member. Based on the signal output by the heat flux sensor, the detection part detects the support state of the target object supported by the support device, or the size of the target object.