The present invention relates to an arrangement for measuring a force and/or a torque (Mt) on a machine element extending along an axis, using the inverse magnetostrictive effect. The machine element has at least two magnetization areas for magnetization purposes, extending circumferentially around the axis. In addition, there are magnetically neutral areas, each area being arranged axially between the magnetization areas and/or axially next to the magnetization areas. The arrangement further includes at least one first magnetic sensor, a second magnetic sensor and a third magnetic sensor, each of which is designed to individually measure a direction component of a magnetic field caused by the magnetization and also by the force and/or torque (Mt) and each of which lies in a different axial position. According to the invention, the third magnetic sensor lies in an axial position of one of the magnetically neutral areas.

A method of manufacturing a pressure sensor comprises: above a film portion formed on one surface of a substrate, depositing a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer and an intermediate layer between the first and second magnetic layers on one surface of a substrate; removing the deposited layers leaving a part thereof; and removing a part of the substrate from another surface of the substrate. By removing the deposited layers leaving a part thereof, a strain detecting element is formed in a part of a first region, the strain detecting element comprising the first magnetic layer, the second magnetic layer and the intermediate layer. By removing a part of the substrate, a part of the first region of the substrate is removed. In addition, the deposition of the first magnetic layer is performed with the substrate being bended.

A combination includes a cable puller having a capstan around which a pulling rope is wrapped, and a sensor configured to measure the distance the pulling rope travels during a pulling operation. The sensor may be a Hall effect sensor and/or an optical sensor.

The invention refers to measuring equipment and is a mechanical stress sensor. The sensor has a rectangular plate of a polymer material the top surface of said rectangular plate having a cavity where a detector is located. Inside the rectangular plate there is a preliminary tensile amorphous ferromagnetic microwire located inside a measuring coil. The microwire is connected to a first pair of contact pads, while the differential measuring coil is connected to a second pair of contact pads. Both pairs of contact pads are connected to the detector. The detector has an output which is connected to an analog to digital converter coupled with a personal computer.

A method for discovering, identifying, and monitoring of mechanical defects in a ferromagnetic underground or underwater structure. A magnetic scanner portable device is used to inspect the ferromagnetic underground structure and identify at least one portion with a magnetic field anomaly. Sets of permanent magnetic scanner sensors to monitor the magnetic field anomaly are placed adjacent to the at least one portion of the underground structure. A calculation unit, coupled to the sets of permanent magnetic scanner sensors is used to collect and process data. A stress-deformed state (SDS) and a risk-factor (RF) of the at least one portion with the magnetic field anomaly is presented on a display unit, which is coupled to the calculation unit.

According to an embodiment, a pressure sensor includes a substrate, a support part, a flexible membrane part, and a magnetoresistive element. The support part is adhered on the substrate by using a first adhesive material with a first Young's modulus and a second adhesive material with a second Young's modulus different from the first Young's modulus. The membrane part is supported by the support part. The magnetoresistive element is provided on the membrane part, and includes a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer, and a spacer layer provided between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer.

Systems and methods are presented for cancelling noise from sensed magnetostriction-based strain measurements. A drive signal corresponds to a drive coil, and a sensed signal corresponds to a sensed coil. The drive signal is used to at least partially eliminate noise similar to the drive signal from the sensed signal to generate an output signal.

A load sensor includes a core having a hollow part provided therein and containing magnetic material and a coil attached to the core. A magnetic path along which a magnetic flux generated by a current flowing in the coil is formed along a circumference direction of the hollow part. The core has a load-receiving portion that receives a load at a surface of the core located in a crossing direction crossing a plane along which the magnetic path is formed.

The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement for measuring a force and/or moment on a machine element extending along an axis, using the inverse magnetostrictive effect. The machine element has a magnetization region for magnetization, this region fully encompassing the axis. The arrangement includes at least one first magnetic sensor and one second magnetic sensor, each being designed to measure individually a first and a second direction component of a magnetic field that is caused by the magnetization and by the force and/or the moment. The direction components that can be measured using the first magnetic sensor have differing orientations. Likewise, the direction components that can be measured using the second magnetic sensor have differing orientations. The first magnetic sensor and the second magnetic sensor are arranged around the axis at different peripheral positions.

According to one embodiment, a pressure sensor includes a film portion, a sensor unit, and a structure body. The film portion has a front surface and is deformable. The sensor unit includes a plurality of sensing elements arranged along the front surface. One of the plurality of sensing elements includes a magnetic layer, a opposing magnetic layer, and a nonmagnetic intermediate layer. The structure body is arranged with the first sensor unit along the arrangement direction of the plurality of sensing elements. The structure body includes a structure body layer, a opposing structure body layer, and a intermediate structure body layer. The structure body layer has at least one of a floating potential with respect to the opposing structure body layer or same potential as a potential of the opposing structure body layer.