The invention pertains to a method for respectively determining the neutral temperature or the stressfree state in a rail section (1), wherein an ultrasonic signal is coupled into a representative volume of the rail profile perpendicular to its longitudinal direction, wherein the volume is subjected to stresses in the longitudinal direction of the rail section (1), wherein the stresses are measured, wherein an ultrasonic signal influenced by these stresses is decoupled, wherein a function describing the functional dependence of the decoupled ultrasonic signal on the introduced stress is determined, and wherein the stressfree state is determined based on the course of this function.

An acoustic disdrometer is provided for measuring precipitation. The acoustic disdrometer has an acoustic transducer positioned within an acoustic chamber defined by an acoustic shell. Precipitation impacting the acoustic shell generates sound waves that are collected by the acoustic transducer for processing.

The present invention discloses an interface ultrasonic reflectivity-pressure relation curve establishment method and a loading testbed. The loading testbed comprises a force displayer, a control terminal, an oscilloscope, an immersion ultrasonic transducer, a large cylinder, a small cylinder, an upper panel, a movable plate, a force sensor, a lower panel, an ultrasonic transceiver and a small cylinder connecting plate. Compared with the existing schemes, the interface ultrasonic reflectivity-pressure relation curve establishment method and the loading testbed provided by the present invention can construct a more accurate ultrasonic reflectivity-pressure relation curve, and are high in detection precision.

An ultrasonic test device and test method for service stress of a moving mechanical component, where the device comprises an ultrasonic probe, a coupling fluid, a pressure-maintaining cover and universal wheels. The cover is vertically arranged above an inspected position of an inspected component, an interior of the pressure-maintaining cover is filled with coupling fluid, a bottom of the cover is provided with a structure permeable to the coupling fluid to form a coupling fluid film between the inspected position and the bottom of the cover, and a top of the cover is equipped with the ultrasonic probe. A detection part at a lower part of the ultrasonic probe extends into the coupling fluid of the cover and is vertical to the bottom of the cover without contact. The distance between the ultrasonic probe and the inspected component is kept unchanged through the universal wheels.

A method for determining plane stresses on an in-service steel structure member based on phase spectrum of ultrasonic transverse wave, including: calibrating stress-spectrum parameters k and c of a replica of the in-service steel structure member; determining a first response frequency of a phase difference and a maximum value of a derivative function of the phase difference of an ultrasonic transverse wave echo of the in-service steel structure member, and obtaining a polarization angle of ultrasonic transverse wave components generated by a birefringence effect; solving a plane normal stress difference and a plane shear stress inside the in-service steel structure member; and separating normal stresses by a shear difference method to obtain three independent plane stress components.

An environmental condition may be measured with a sensor (10) including a wire (20) having an ultrasonic signal transmission characteristic that varies in response to the environmental condition by sensing ultrasonic energy propagated through the wire using multiple types of propagation, and separating an effect of temperature on the wire from an effect of strain on the wire using the sensed ultrasonic energy propagated through the wire using the multiple types of propagation. A positive feedback loop may be used to excite the wire such that strain in the wire is based upon a sensed resonant frequency, while a square wave with a controlled duty cycle may be used to excite the wire at multiple excitation frequencies. A phase matched cone (200, 210) may be used to couple ultrasonic energy between a waveguide wire (202, 212) and a transducer (204, 214).

According to an aspect, a detection device includes: an elastic body that has a surface part on which a first recess and a second recess are formed and that forms a first design generated on the surface part by the first recess and the second recess according to a first load and a second design generated on the surface part by the first recess and the second recess according to a second load, the first design being different from the second design; and a sensor configured to detect a recess and a protrusion on the surface part.

A method of distinguishing between a first-type touch event and a second-type touch event is disclosed. A force-measuring and touch-sensing system includes piezoelectric force-measuring elements (PFEs) and piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers (PUTs), wherein each PUT can be configured as a transmitter (PUT transmitter) and/or a receiver (PUT receiver). The force-measuring and touch-sensing system is configured at a sense region. Each PUT transmitter transmits ultrasound signals towards the sense region and voltage signals are generated at the PUT receivers in response to ultrasound signals arriving from the sense region. Voltage signals are generated at PFEs in response to a low-frequency mechanical deformation of the respective piezoelectric capacitors. An event is determined to be a first-type touch event or a second-type touch event depending on a PUT data decrease and a magnitude of PFE data.

A method of distinguishing between a first-type touch event and a second-type touch event is disclosed. A force-measuring and touch-sensing system includes piezoelectric force-measuring elements (PFEs) and piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers (PUTs), wherein each PUT can be configured as a transmitter (PUT transmitter) and/or a receiver (PUT receiver). The force-measuring and touch-sensing system is configured at a sense region. Each PUT transmitter transmits ultrasound signals towards the sense region and voltage signals are generated at the PUT receivers in response to ultrasound signals arriving from the sense region. Voltage signals are generated at PFEs in response to a low-frequency mechanical deformation of the respective piezoelectric capacitors. An event is determined to be a first-type touch event or a second-type touch event depending on a PUT data decrease and a magnitude of PFE data.

A device and a method for ultrasonic detecting a rotating member based on magnetic fluid coupling, wherein the device comprises an ultrasonic probe, magnetic field protection rings, magnetic fluid and a magnetic fluid protection cover. The ultrasonic probe is arranged above the rotating member that is horizontally placed. Front ends of a transmitting ultrasonic transducer and a receiving ultrasonic transducer of the ultrasonic probe are provided with the magnetic field protection rings for generating magnetic fields in the magnetic field protection rings. The protective cover is sleeved on a circumferential outer side of the rotating member where a detected position is located, and the front ends of the ultrasonic probe are arranged to penetrate through the magnetic fluid protective cover. A cavity formed between the magnetic fluid protective cover and the rotating member is filled with the magnetic fluid and the magnetic fluid is a liquid mixture solution.