In the present disclosure, embodiments including a system, probe and method are disclosed for accurately measuring the strain or extension of a fastener that occurs as the nut on the fastener is tightened and the fastener is put under load. The measurement technique is based on measurement of the time for an ultrasonic wave generated on one end of the fastener to travel a round trip through the fastener. As the fastener is tightened, the applied stress causes an associated increase in length. This length can be determined from a measurement of the increase in transit time. In various embodiments, the disclosed device and method uses laser ultrasonic testing (LUT), in which a pulsed laser generates the ultrasonic wave and a type of laser vibrometer detects the wave when it returns to the position of generation following a combination of longitudinal and shear wave reflections.

A system for mapping data of force transmission from a plurality of force-imparting points to each force-measuring device is disclosed. A linear actuator assembly includes a Z-axis actuator and a slider. A load cell is secured to the slider, such that actuation of the Z-axis actuator is mechanically coupled to a vertical movement of the load cell via the slider. A sample stage includes a sample stage positioner and is configured to retain a sample including at least one force-measuring device. The load cell is configured to impart a time-varying applied force to the sample. The controller is configured to control actuation of the sample positioner to position the load cell at each one of a plurality of force-imparting points on the sample and, for each respective force-imparting point, control the actuation of the Z-axis actuator. A computer is configured to generate a map of data of force transmission from the plurality of force-imparting points to the force-measuring device in accordance with digital transducer data obtained from the force-measuring device upon the imparting of the time-varying applied force at each force-imparting point.

A system, device, and methods include or utilize a microphone, a processor, and a user interface. The microphone senses sound and in response outputs a sound signal indicative of the sound. The processor is coupled to the microphone to receive the sound signal, configured to analyze the sound signal to identify in the sound signal an impact of a golf club with a golf ball during a swing of the golf club and determine a characteristic of the swing of the golf club based on a portion of the sound signal corresponding to sound sensed, at least in part, before the impact. The user interface is coupled to the processor and configured to display information related to the characteristic of the swing as determined by the processor.

An air-coupled ultrasonic plane stress detection method for a composite material based on dual-modal sound-time ratios of a Lamb wave includes: S1: assembling a detection device; S2: based on the detection device and the dual-modal sound-time ratios of the Lamb wave in S1, using unidirectionally loaded stress to obtain different stress coefficient relations; S3: based on the stress coefficient relations in S2, solving stress coefficients; S4: based on the stress coefficients in S3, acquiring three sound-time ratios; S5: based on the sound-time ratios in S4, describing a stress state of a detection point; and S6: repeating S4 and S5 till completing detection and scanning. The method improves the accuracy of stress coefficient calibration and air-coupled ultrasonic stress representation of a composite material panel greatly.

A battery pack according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a battery assembly, a resonant device disposed about the battery assembly, a bracket located between the battery assembly and the resonant device, and at least one modulating device located between the bracket and the resonant device.

A method and device for determining tensile force and adhesive force during the unwinding of a film from a roll without affecting the film, and which are usable at any radius of the spool and at any unwinding speed. The method and the device are based on determining the point where the film releases from the spool, and make use of the reflection of an ultrasonic wave. Emitted and reflected waves are radial at least when the emitted wave is incident upon the film which has not released from the spool. The method and device find applicability where tensile force, caused by the resistance of the roll to rotation, and also by adhesion of the film to the roll, must be determined. The method and device also find applicability where the adhesive force of the film to the roll must be determined.

An environmental condition may be measured with a sensor (10) including a wire (20) having an ultrasonic signal transmission characteristic that varies in response to the environmental condition by sensing ultrasonic energy propagated through the wire using multiple types of propagation, and separating an effect of temperature on the wire from an effect of strain on the wire using the sensed ultrasonic energy propagated through the wire using the multiple types of propagation. A positive feedback loop may be used to excite the wire such that strain in the wire is based upon a sensed resonant frequency, while a square wave with a controlled duty cycle may be used to excite the wire at multiple excitation frequencies. A phase matched cone (200, 210) may be used to couple ultrasonic energy between a waveguide wire (202, 212) and a transducer (204, 214).

Disclosed is an acoustic sensor including: a component having an input and an output, the component being able to conduct light waves in a plurality of propagation modes between the input and the output, the component converting an acoustic signal to be measured into a phase shift proportional to an intermodal interference between at least two propagation modes, and a detector of a physical quantity dependent on the phase shift.

In the present disclosure, embodiments including a system, probe and method are disclosed for accurately measuring the strain or extension of a fastener that occurs as the nut on the fastener is tightened and the fastener is put under load. The measurement technique is based on measurement of the time for an ultrasonic wave generated on one end of the fastener to travel a round trip through the fastener. As the fastener is tightened, the applied stress causes an associated increase in length. This length can be determined from a measurement of the increase in transit time. In various embodiments, the disclosed device and method uses laser ultrasonic testing (LUT), in which a pulsed laser generates the ultrasonic wave and a type of laser vibrometer detects the wave when it returns to the position of generation following a combination of longitudinal and shear wave reflections.

In the present disclosure, embodiments including a system, device and methods are disclosed for accurately measuring the strain or extension of a fastener that occurs as the nut on the fastener is tightened and the fastener is put under load. The measurement technique is based on measurement of the time for an ultrasonic wave generated on one end of the fastener to travel a round trip through the fastener. As the fastener is tightened, the applied stress causes an associated increase in length. This length can be determined from a measurement of the increase in transit time. In various embodiments, the disclosed device and method uses laser ultrasonic testing (LUT), in which a pulsed laser generates the ultrasonic wave and a type of laser vibrometer detects the wave when it returns to the position of generation following a combination of longitudinal wave reflections and a mode conversion to a shear wave.