The present invention may provide a torque sensor comprising, a rotor, a stator disposed outside the rotor; a sensor assembly configured to measure a magnetic field generated between the rotor and the stator; and a housing, the rotor and the stator are disposed outside the housing, the sensor assembly is disposed inside the housing, wherein the housing includes a protrusion which faces the stator, wherein the stator includes a groove, wherein the protrusion is disposed in the groove.

An electric inertia control device 5A simulates the behavior of an inertial body having a predetermined set moment of inertia J.sub.set by means of a dynamometer, and is provided with: an inertia compensator 51A which generates a torque signal by multiplying a signal obtained by subtracting a shaft torque detection signal T.sub.12 from a higher-level command torque signal T* by the ratio of a moment of inertia J.sub.1 of the dynamometer to the set moment of inertia J.sub.set, and generates an inertia compensation torque signal T.sub.ref by summing the torque signal and the shaft torque detection signal J.sub.1; and a resonance suppression control circuit 53A which uses the inertia compensation torque signal T.sub.ref and the shaft torque detection signal T.sub.12 to generate a torque current command signal T.sub.1 in such a way as to suppress resonance in a mechanical system including a test piece and the dynamometer.

An electric inertia control device 5A simulates the behavior of an inertial body having a predetermined set moment of inertia J.sub.set by means of a dynamometer, and is provided with: an inertia compensator 51A which generates a torque signal by multiplying a signal obtained by subtracting a shaft torque detection signal T.sub.12 from a higher-level command torque signal T* by the ratio of a moment of inertia J.sub.1 of the dynamometer to the set moment of inertia J.sub.set, and generates an inertia compensation torque signal T.sub.ref by summing the torque signal and the shaft torque detection signal J.sub.1; and a resonance suppression control circuit 53A which uses the inertia compensation torque signal T.sub.ref and the shaft torque detection signal T.sub.12 to generate a torque current command signal T.sub.1 in such a way as to suppress resonance in a mechanical system including a test piece and the dynamometer.

This overall control device for a testing system comprises: a plurality of resonance suppression controllers that each generate a torque current command signal for suppressing mechanical resonance between a specimen and a dynamometer upon receiving a base torque current command signal and axial torque detection signal and have different input/output characteristics; a specimen characteristic acquisition unit for acquiring the value of the moment of inertia of the specimen connected to the dynamometer; and a resonance-suppression-controller selection unit for selecting one of the plurality of resonance suppression controllers on the basis of the value of the moment of inertia acquired by the specimen characteristic acquisition unit and mounting the selected resonance suppression controller in a dynamometer control module.

This overall control device for a testing system comprises: a plurality of resonance suppression controllers that each generate a torque current command signal for suppressing mechanical resonance between a specimen and a dynamometer upon receiving a base torque current command signal and axial torque detection signal and have different input/output characteristics; a specimen characteristic acquisition unit for acquiring the value of the moment of inertia of the specimen connected to the dynamometer; and a resonance-suppression-controller selection unit for selecting one of the plurality of resonance suppression controllers on the basis of the value of the moment of inertia acquired by the specimen characteristic acquisition unit and mounting the selected resonance suppression controller in a dynamometer control module.

A torque measurement tool and method of use is presented which comprises a first outer shaft extending along a longitudinal axis and containing a second inner shaft positioned within the first outer shaft and extending along the longitudinal axis. A flexible coupling is positioned between the first outer shaft and the second inner shaft. A shear stress sensor is positioned within the second inner shaft, is exposed to the first outer shaft and contacts the flexible coupling.

In some examples, a downhole torque measurement tool comprises a first surface of a structure and a second surface of the structure. The second surface is facing the first surface and a shear stress sensor is positioned on the first surface. A flexible coupling is positioned between the shear stress sensor and the second surface, and the flexible coupling is coupled to the first and second surfaces.

A drive train bench system has two dynamometers that are connected in series to a specimen. The mechanical characteristics estimation method has: a first measurement step for measuring a response to a first excitation torque input signal when the first excitation torque input signal overlaps a first torque current command signal while a measurement control circuit controls the two dynamometers; a second measurement step for measuring a response to a second excitation torque input signal when the second excitation torque input signal overlaps a second torque current command signal while the measurement control circuit controls the two dynamometers; and a mechanical characteristics transfer function estimation step for using the results from the first and second measurement steps to estimate a mechanical characteristics transfer function.

A drive train bench system has two dynamometers that are connected in series to a specimen. The mechanical characteristics estimation method has: a first measurement step for measuring a response to a first excitation torque input signal when the first excitation torque input signal overlaps a first torque current command signal while a measurement control circuit controls the two dynamometers; a second measurement step for measuring a response to a second excitation torque input signal when the second excitation torque input signal overlaps a second torque current command signal while the measurement control circuit controls the two dynamometers; and a mechanical characteristics transfer function estimation step for using the results from the first and second measurement steps to estimate a mechanical characteristics transfer function.

A built-in motor for a bicycle and an electric powered bicycle are provided. The built-in motor includes: a motor shell, a motor inner stator fixed in the motor shell by means of an inner stator frame; a motor outer rotor is installed on the inner stator frame, the motor outer rotor and a motor body output shaft being connected into a whole; a first planetary gear mechanism arranged in the inner stator frame, and the first planetary gear mechanism being used for increasing input human force before outputting the same; a ring gear of the first planetary gear mechanism is connected with an elastic body, the elastic body being fixedly arranged in the inner stator frame; a torque sensor is arranged on the elastic body, the torque sensor being used for measuring the pedaling force provided by a rider to the bicycle.