Provided is a sensing system for wireless and passive monitoring of strain during a manufacturing process that depends on force to apply the energy into the manufacturing process, the sensing system comprising: at least one surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor for detecting strain, the at least one SAW sensor being positioned in a force path located on or in the structure of one or more objects under test; and at least one transceiving antenna arrangement being connectable to the at least one SAW sensor, wherein the at least one SAW sensor and the at least one transceiving antenna arrangement are arranged to receive energy from an interrogation signal and output a strain response signal detected by the at least one SAW sensor in response to the interrogation signal.

A technical roll, in particular for paper manufacturing, having an elongated roll core and at least one first covering which is provided on the roll core, wherein an empty duct or conduit is provided, which is suitable for receiving a polymer fibre and extends over the length of the roll such that the polymer fibre can be introduced at one end of the empty duct. The application also relates to a technical roll having a polymer fibre, to a method for introducing the polymer fibre into an empty duct, and to the use of a polymer-based optical waveguide as a sensor in a technical roll.

Techniques for film tensioning in additive fabrication are provided. According to some aspects, a film forming part of a container in an additive fabrication device may be tensioned by different forces along different axes. According to some embodiments, an adjustable tensioning system may be provided within an additive fabrication device that may couple to one or more components of a removable container comprising a film. The tension of the film may be adjusted by the additive fabrication device via the adjustable tensioning system and its coupling to the container.

A force measurement system includes: a grinding arm and a force receiving device, the force receiving device being fixed on its one side and configured to receive a force from the grinding arm; a load cell, which is fixed on the force receiving device and configured to detect the force received by the force receiving device; and a grinding disk, which is fixed on the grinding arm that applies the force to the force receiving device through the grinding disk. The embodiments of the present application facilitate accurate acquisition of a force acting upon a grinded object during actual grinding.

The object is to provide a mounting structure for a torque sensor capable of improving a detection accuracy of a torque sensor. A torque sensor includes a first structure, a second structure, a third structure provided between the first structure and the second structure, and at least two sensor units provided between the first structure and the second structure. A plurality of contact portions are provided on one of the first structure and the first attachment portion and one of the second structure and the second attachment portion, and are in contact with another of the first structure and the first attachment portion and another of the second structure and the second attachment portion.

To yield fixed output as electrical signal when any positions of volume space is subjected to external pressure and the external pressure is detected. A contact detecting device includes a mounted base 60 with a predetermined shape, a design foam 10 that is bonded to the mounted base and covers it, and a limiter 7 that is mounted on the mounted base 60 or the design foam 10. The contact detecting device further includes a predetermined volume space 4 defined by the mounted base 60, the design foam 10, and the limiter 7. The contact detecting device further includes a sensor SEN that detects external pressure applied to the volume space 4 through the determination of the physical variation of the volume space 4. The physical variation of the volume space 4 is detected through the sensor determining, for example, variation in flow rate, flow velocity, or volume. In particular, the contact detecting device detects two-dimensional or three-dimensional contact on any position.

Multi-film containers for use in additive fabrication devices are provided. According to some aspects, a container may include multiple films that are at least partially detached from one another. In some embodiments, the multiple films may include films formed from different materials. As one example, an upper film may be formed so as to be relatively impermeable to substances within a source material of an additive fabrication device, whereas a lower film may be formed so as to provide desirable mechanical properties. In some cases, the multiple films may be commonly tensioned while being unattached to one another.

A torque sensor includes a first structure, a second structure, a third structure provided between the first structure and the second structure, and at least two sensor units provided between the first structure and the second structure. A plurality of first contact portions having a structure integrated with the first structure is provided inside an outer peripheral portion of the first structure, first distal ends are arranged near the outer peripheral portion, and the first distal ends are in contact with a first attachment portion. A plurality of second contact portions having a structure integrated with the second structure is provided at a part of an inner peripheral portion of the second structure, second distal ends are arranged near the inner peripheral portion, and the second distal ends are in contact with a second attachment portion.

A torque sensor which can improve detection accuracy is provided. The torque sensor includes a first structure, a second structure, a third structure provided between the first structure and the second structure and at least two sensor portions provided between the first structure and the second structure, and a stiffness of one of the first structure and the second structure, closer to the sensor portions is higher than that of the other one.

A measuring method is provided. A probe and a first sensor are disposed over a jig including a bar protruding from the jig. The probe is moved until a first surface of the probe is laterally aligned with a second surface of the bar facing the jig. A first distance between the second surface of the bar and the first sensor is obtained by the first sensor. The probe and the first sensor are disposed over a magnetron. Magnetic field intensities at different elevations above the magnetron are measured by the probe. A method for forming a semiconductor structure is also provided.