One variation of a method includes, during a first time period: detecting a direction of motion of a trailer; detecting a first force applied to a kingpin; detecting an incline angle of the trailer; calculating a first target preload force opposite the direction of motion and inversely proportional to the incline angle; and in response to the first force falling below the first target preload force, triggering a motor to increase torque output opposite the direction of motion. The method further includes, during a second time period: detecting a second force applied to the kingpin; detecting a decline angle of the trailer; calculating a second target preload force opposite the direction of motion and inversely proportional to the decline angle; and in response to the second force falling below the second target preload force, triggering the motor to increase torque output opposite the direction of motion.

The invention provides a sensor assembly for force sensing, the sensor assembly comprising: a first portion having a first and a second through hole, a second portion having a third and fourth through hole, and a first pin and a second pin coupling the first portion to the second portion. At least one out of the first and the second pin comprises a magnetoelastic based sensor for outputting a signal corresponding to a stress-induced magnetic flux emanating from a magnetically polarized region of the pin. The magnetoelastic based sensor comprises at least one direction sensitive magnetic field sensor in an at least partially hollow portion of the pin, which field sensor is configured for determination of a shear force in at least one direction. The invention further provides a tow coupling comprising the sensor assembly. The invention further provides a method for detecting a load.

A bicycle crankarm the bicycle transmission side that has a main body length measured along a length from a crankset's crankarm rotation axis to a pedal axis. The crankarm has at least one stress/strain detector oriented along the length direction at a fixed distance, measured from the center of the stress/strain detector to the rotation axis of the crankarm, such that the ratio of the distance and the length is in the range between 0.45-0.65.

One variation of a method includes, during a first time period: detecting a direction of motion of a trailer; detecting a first force applied to a kingpin; detecting an incline angle of the trailer; calculating a first target preload force opposite the direction of motion and inversely proportional to the incline angle; and in response to the first force falling below the first target preload force, triggering a motor to increase torque output opposite the direction of motion. The method further includes, during a second time period: detecting a second force applied to the kingpin; detecting a decline angle of the trailer; calculating a second target preload force opposite the direction of motion and inversely proportional to the decline angle; and in response to the second force falling below the second target preload force, triggering the motor to increase torque output opposite the direction of motion.

The present disclosure relates to a measuring device (42, 43) for measuring forces and/or torques between a motorized vehicle (1) and a trailer or attachment which is towed or pushed thereby, wherein the measuring device (42, 43) has at least three sensor elements (22, 34) which are arranged on a carrier (20, 31), transversely with respect to a virtual longitudinal axis of the motorized vehicle (1) and spaced apart from one another, wherein the measuring device (42, 43) is arranged in a coupling region between the motorized vehicle (1) and the pulled or pushed trailer or attachment, and wherein, in order to transmit their measured values, the sensor elements (22, 34) are connected to an evaluation device (40), which is configured to convert these measured values into signals for force displays and/or torque displays according to magnitude and direction.

A measuring device (60) is configured for measuring forces or torques between a motorized vehicle (1) and a trailer or attachment which is towed or pushed thereby. The measuring device (60) has at least three sensor elements (79, 80) arranged on a carrier (71), transversely with respect to a virtual longitudinal axis of the motorized vehicle (1) and spaced apart from one another. The measuring device (60) is arranged in a coupling region between the motorized vehicle (1) and the pulled or pushed trailer or attachment. In order to transmit their measured values, the sensor elements (79, 80) are connected to an evaluation device (40), which is configured to convert these measured values into signals for force displays and/or torque displays according to magnitude and direction.

A magneto-elastically-based active force sensor, used with a tow coupling between a towed and a towing vehicle or a coupling between a vehicle body and a suspension of the vehicle, which outputs a signal useful for determining forces acting on the coupling. The outputted force information may be provided by processor-enabled embedded software algorithms that take inputs from the force sensor and other sensors, may be used by one or more vehicle systems during operating of the vehicle, such as engine, braking, stability, safety, and informational systems. The force sensor includes directionally-sensitive magnetic field sensing elements inside the sensor, and shielding may be used around the sensors to reduce the influence of external magnetic fields on the sensing elements. The force sensor may be used with different tow and vehicle weight sensing coupling devices installed on different types of automobile cars and trucks.

A magneto-elastically-based active force sensor, used with a tow coupling between a towed and a towing vehicle, which outputs a signal useful for determining forces acting on the coupling. The outputted force information may be provided by processor-enabled embedded software algorithms that take inputs from the force sensor and other sensors, may be used by one or more vehicle systems during operating of the vehicle, such as engine, braking, stability, safety, and informational systems. The force sensor includes directionally-sensitive magnetic field sensing elements inside the sensor, and shielding may be used around the sensors to reduce the influence of external magnetic fields on the sensing elements. The force sensor may be used with different tow coupling devices installed on different types of automobile cars and trucks.

A method of calculating traction torque of a tire of a vehicle includes calculating a parameter vector using a first extended Kalman filter, calculating a state vector using a second extended Kalman filter, and calculating the longitudinal stiffness as a function of the parameter vector and the state vector. A method for computing traction torque of a vehicle includes computing the longitudinal stiffness of the tire using the first and second extended Kalman filters, and computing the traction torque as a function of the longitudinal stiffness of the tire and a linear speed difference between a tire speed of the tire and a vehicle longitudinal speed.

A trailer force measurement system includes a tow hitch, a hitch mount connected to the tow hitch and a spring bar connected to the hitch mount. The trailer force measurement system also includes a trailer having a frame, where the spring bar is connected to the trailer frame via a bracket. A hitch coupler is then connected to the trailer frame and configured to releasably couple the trailer frame to the hitch mount. A force measurement device is then disposed on the bracket and configured to measure force exerted on the bracket by the spring bar.