A hitch force monitoring system includes a hitch ball having a stem downward mountable to a vehicle drawbar. Two or more sensors are attached to the stem to respectively measure longitudinal and lateral forces on the hitch ball. A controller is communicatively coupled to the two or more sensors to receive the measured longitudinal and lateral forces and the user interface. The controller is communicatively coupled to a user interface device to indicate the measured longitudinal and lateral forces on the hitch ball that represent push, pull and sway forces of a trailer load attached to the hitch ball.

Sensing systems as well as their methods of operation and training are described. In some embodiments, a sensing system may include a compliant contact pad configured to contact an environment, and a plurality of sensors configured to detect a physical parameter associated with deformation of the compliant contact pad. A processor configured to receive signals from the plurality of sensors may determine a magnitude and direction of a force applied to the compliant contact pad.

A pressure reading assembly including a housing defining a conduit configured to transmit bodily fluid therethrough and a receiving tube having a first opening and an inner cylindrical surface. The pressure reading assembly further includes a sensing apparatus which includes a sensor disposed on a substrate and an engagement member including a generally columnar sealing member configured to engage an inner cylindrical surface of a receiving tube within the housing connected to the substrate about the sensor. The sealing member defines an axial bore extending from a proximal end to a distal end and includes an outer sealing surface defining one or more engaging elements configured to non-adhesively engage the inner cylindrical surface of the receiving tube to resist removal of the sensor assembly so that a pre-sterilized sensor assembly can be removed from a clean sealed packaging and joined directly with the housing.

An elastic body is fixed to a main body and a movable body and is deformable according to the movement of the movable body. A strain sensor is provided on the elastic body and includes a strain body. The movable body includes an opening. The stopper member includes a first contact portion and a second contact portion provided inside the opening, whose distances from the opening are different from each other. The first contact portion is located in a direction in which the movable range of the strain body is great, and the second contact portion is located in a direction in which the movable range of the strain body is small.

An elastic body is fixed to a main body and a movable body and is deformable according to the movement of the movable body. A strain sensor is provided on the elastic body and includes a strain body. The movable body includes an opening. The stopper member includes a first contact portion and a second contact portion provided inside the opening, whose distances from the opening are different from each other. The first contact portion is located in a direction in which the movable range of the strain body is great, and the second contact portion is located in a direction in which the movable range of the strain body is small.

Proposed is smart lifting shoes for taking exercise, each shoe including: an outsole configured to have combination through-holes that correspond to portions, respectively, of the sole, to have an accommodation groove in a center of an upper part thereof, the center corresponding to a center of the sole, and to have a connection groove; sensor units within upper portions of the combination through-holes, respectively; a controller including: a pressure reception module within the accommodation groove and receiving pressure information measured by the sensor units; a balance measurement module computing a balance of the sole on the basis of the pressure information and generating balance information; a power supply module supplying power; and a communication module transmitting the pressure information and the balance information; and adjustment enabling portions, each having a terminal portion on an upper part thereof, that are closely connected into the combination through-holes, respectively.

Proposed is smart lifting shoes for taking exercise, each shoe including: an outsole configured to have combination through-holes that correspond to portions, respectively, of the sole, to have an accommodation groove in a center of an upper part thereof, the center corresponding to a center of the sole, and to have a connection groove; sensor units within upper portions of the combination through-holes, respectively; a controller including: a pressure reception module within the accommodation groove and receiving pressure information measured by the sensor units; a balance measurement module computing a balance of the sole on the basis of the pressure information and generating balance information; a power supply module supplying power; and a communication module transmitting the pressure information and the balance information; and adjustment enabling portions, each having a terminal portion on an upper part thereof, that are closely connected into the combination through-holes, respectively.

An electronic pen includes a tubular casing, a core body having an end that protrudes from opening in the casing, a strain generating body that receives a force applied to the core body, a plurality of strain sensitive elements arranged on a planar portion of the strain generating body, a control circuit that performs control based on a signal sensed using the plurality of strain sensitive elements, and an electrical conductor that extends in the axial direction of the casing and is electrically connected to a plurality of terminals of the plurality of strain sensitive elements. The plurality of strain sensitive elements is electrically connected to the control circuit via the electrical conductor.

An electronic pen includes a tubular casing, a core body having an end that protrudes from opening in the casing, a strain generating body that receives a force applied to the core body, a plurality of strain sensitive elements arranged on a planar portion of the strain generating body, a control circuit that performs control based on a signal sensed using the plurality of strain sensitive elements, and an electrical conductor that extends in the axial direction of the casing and is electrically connected to a plurality of terminals of the plurality of strain sensitive elements. The plurality of strain sensitive elements is electrically connected to the control circuit via the electrical conductor.

A strain element (10), which is configured such that a frame portion (11) and a central portion (12) are connected by arm portions (20) to (22), is masked except for the arm portions (20) to (22) where a strain gauge (A1) and the like are to be disposed, and then peening is carried out. With this, a compressive residual stress layer is formed on four sides of each of the arm portions (20) to (22). When the strain element (10) receives a load resulting from an external force, the arm portions (20) to (22) elastically deform; however, due to the compressive residual stress layer thus formed, the arm portions (20) to (22) are less prone to fatigue failure. When projection of a shot material is carried out as peening, the surface roughness of the arm portions (20) to (22) increases, the adhesion of strain gauges improves, detection accuracy improves, and stable measurement can be ensured.