The sensor detects a proximity situation and applied external force in the same installation area while minimizing elements and boards included in a sensor. A proximity and tactile sensor 10 includes a body unit 11 to be attached to a detection target portion and a detection unit 12 configured to obtain approaching distance of an object to the body unit 11 and magnitude of external force. The body unit 11 includes an electrode 14 formed by a rigid body with conductivity, a magnetic body 15 integrally attached to the electrode 14, a foam 16 disposed outside the electrode 14 and magnetic body 15 and composed of an elastic body, and a magnetic sensor 17 configured to detect change in magnetic field from the magnetic body 15. The detection unit 12 includes a proximity sensing unit 22 and an external force sensing unit 23.

A sensor includes: a sensing layer including a pressure detection unit; a dielectric layer provided on the sensing layer, the dielectric layer being deformable; and a conductive layer including a protrusion protruding toward the dielectric layer, the conductive layer being movable in an in-plane direction of the sensing layer.

A sensor includes an elastic base material including a first surface and a second surface, a first sensor which detects a change in a capacitance caused by expansion/contraction of the first surface, and a second sensor which detects a change in a capacitance caused by expansion/contraction of the second surface. The first sensor faces the second sensor with the base material therebetween.

Aspects of various embodiments are directed to sensor apparatuses and methods thereof. An example sensor apparatus includes a capacitor and sensor circuitry. The capacitor includes a first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode, and a dielectric layer. The dielectric layer has a plurality of apertures arranged in a pattern, the first and second electrode being separated by the dielectric layer and arranged with an overlapping area with respect to one another. The sensor circuitry is coupled to the capacitor and configured and arranged to detect normal and shear forces applied to the sensor apparatus based on changes in capacitance derived from changes in at least one of a distance between the first and second electrodes and the overlapping area of the first and second electrodes.

Aspects of various embodiments are directed to sensor apparatuses and methods thereof. An example sensor apparatus includes a capacitor and sensor circuitry. The capacitor includes a first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode, and a dielectric layer. The dielectric layer has a plurality of apertures arranged in a pattern, the first and second electrode being separated by the dielectric layer and arranged with an overlapping area with respect to one another. The sensor circuitry is coupled to the capacitor and configured and arranged to detect normal and shear forces applied to the sensor apparatus based on changes in capacitance derived from changes in at least one of a distance between the first and second electrodes and the overlapping area of the first and second electrodes.

A foot presence sensor system for an active article of footwear can include a sensor housing configured to be disposed at or in an insole of the article, and a controller circuit, disposed within the sensor housing, configured to trigger one or more automated functions of the footwear based on a foot presence indication. In an example, the sensor system includes a capacitive or magnetic sensor configured to sense changes in a body's proximity to the sensor in footwear. Characteristics of the sensed proximity can be used to update an automated footwear function, such as an automatic lacing function, or can be used to determine a step count, foot strike force, a rate of travel, or other information about a foot or about the footwear.

A foot presence sensor system for an active article of footwear can include a sensor housing configured to be disposed at or in an insole of the article, and a controller circuit, disposed within the sensor housing, configured to trigger one or more automated functions of the footwear based on a foot presence indication. In an example, the sensor system includes a capacitive or magnetic sensor configured to sense changes in a body's proximity to the sensor in footwear. Characteristics of the sensed proximity can be used to update an automated footwear function, such as an automatic lacing function, or can be used to determine a step count, foot strike force, a rate of travel, or other information about a foot or about the footwear.

A capacitive sensor includes an upper block; a lower block; a plurality of elastic supports for elastically supporting the upper block and the lower block; upper vertical electrodes formed to have faces perpendicular to the bottom surface of the upper block; lower vertical electrodes formed to have faces perpendicular to the top surface of the lower block and disposed to face the upper vertical electrodes such that at least parts of the lower vertical electrodes overlap with the upper vertical electrodes; and an electronic circuit including the upper vertical electrodes and the lower vertical electrodes as parts of the circuit and outputting a signal corresponding to changes in capacitances between the upper vertical electrodes and the lower vertical electrodes caused by a force or a torque applied to at least one of the upper block and the lower block.

A force sensor that quantitatively detects an external force. The force sensor comprises a base unit, a displacement unit displacing by an external force, a first displacement sensor pair including two sets of sensors detecting a relative displacement between the base unit and the displacement unit in a first direction, and a second displacement sensor pair including two sets of sensors detecting a relative displacement between the base unit and the displacement unit in a second direction. Among four quadrants divided by two straight lines along each of the first direction and the second direction wherein, the straight lines passing through a midpoint of the two sets of sensors composing the first displacement sensor pair, the two sets of sensors composing the second displacement sensor pair are respectively disposed in two quadrants in which the two sets of sensors composing the first displacement sensor pair are respectively disposed.

A force sensor that quantitatively detects an external force. The force sensor comprises a base unit, a displacement unit displacing by an external force, a first displacement sensor pair including two sets of sensors detecting a relative displacement between the base unit and the displacement unit in a first direction, and a second displacement sensor pair including two sets of sensors detecting a relative displacement between the base unit and the displacement unit in a second direction. Among four quadrants divided by two straight lines along each of the first direction and the second direction wherein, the straight lines passing through a midpoint of the two sets of sensors composing the first displacement sensor pair, the two sets of sensors composing the second displacement sensor pair are respectively disposed in two quadrants in which the two sets of sensors composing the first displacement sensor pair are respectively disposed.