A method for estimating at least one ring-related parameter related to at least one piston ring may include estimating a bore distortion of a cylinder bore. The bore distortion may include a plurality of bore distortions corresponding to a plurality of respective piston locations within the cylinder bore. The method may also include receiving the bore distortion in a ring performance model configured to dynamically estimate a plurality of ring-related parameters associated with combustion in the cylinder bore during operation of the internal combustion engine. The ring performance model may be configured to receive a static data signal indicative of static parameters and a dynamic data signal indicative of dynamic parameters related to operation of the internal combustion engine. The ring performance model may be configured to estimate at least one ring-related parameter related to at least one piston ring during operation of the internal combustion engine.

An engine including an exhaust bypass valve and an intake bypass valve. The exhaust bypass valve is disposed in an exhaust bypass channel connecting an outlet of an exhaust manifold and an exhaust outlet of a turbocharger to each other. The intake bypass valve is disposed in an intake bypass channel connecting an inlet of an intake manifold and an inlet of the turbocharger. An intake pressure sensor detects a pressure of the intake manifold. If an instruction value indicating an upper limit or a lower limit of the valve opening degree of the intake bypass valve is continuously output for a predetermined time or more, an engine control device determines that an abnormality occurs in at least one of the exhaust bypass valve and the intake bypass valve.

A method of determining the total evaporation rate of fuel from an oil sump of an engine comprising: a) defining for said fuel, a plurality (n-1) of zones, each zone comprising a separate temperature range, and corresponding to a particular fuel constituent portion; b) determining or estimating the mass of said particular fuel constituent portion present in the sump for each zone; c) for each zone, determining an evaporation rate based on oil temperature; and the corresponding mass determined in step b); d) summing the evaporation rates for each zone from step c) to provide said total evaporation rate.

Disclosed is a system for monitoring parts in a machine is provided. The system includes a base unit, and an electronic circuitry. The base unit includes a generator for generating controllable frequency, an impedance unit to resonate impedance with a matching frequency, a controller for modulating the impedance with commands, a first electrode to emit an alternating electric field, a mixer, and a communication unit for communicating the data and commands over a communication network. Further, the controller decodes changes in the impedance. The electronic circuitry includes a coupling electrode, a harvester for converting the alternating electric field into a DC energy, an analyzer to analyze the change in impedance of the provided alternating electric field caused by the parts of the machine, further the analyzer outputs the analyzing results as data, a modulator for modulating the alternating electric field with the data, wherein the modulated data is forked out by the mixer and processed by the controller, a floating electrode coupling to ground potential.

The present disclosure provides a sensor for measuring cam and tappet contact force of an engine and a measuring method. The sensor comprises a force carrying element, a force transmission element, a piezoelectric element, a force bearing element, a tappet head and a guide woodruff key. Meanwhile, the present disclosure also provides a measuring method by using the sensor. The sensor is simple in mechanism and convenient to use and can realize the measurement of the cam tappet contact force in the normal direction, the tangential direction and the axial direction of the contact surface.

Disclosed are a sensor for measuring seating force of an engine intake and exhaust valve and a measuring method. The sensor comprises a mounting boss, a force bearing element, a piezoelectric element, an annular thin-wall shell and an annular diaphragm with a T-shaped section. Meanwhile, the present disclosure also provides a measuring method by using the sensor. The sensor is simple in mechanism and convenient to use, has certain universality, and can realize the measurement of the impact load of the engine intake and exhaust valve.

A deterioration estimator for an electronic throttle device allows a throttle valve to be driven by a drive mechanism. The throttle valve is continuously operated to open and/or close. If operated to open, it opens from a first opening position, which is on a closed side from an opener opening position and in which the throttle valve is biased to an open side by an opener mechanism, to a second opening position, the second opening position being on an open side from the opener opening position with the throttle valve being biased to the closed side by the opener mechanism. If operated to close, the throttle valve is operated to close from the second opening position to the first opening position. A deteriorated condition of the electronic throttle device is estimated by detecting a behavior of the drive mechanism when the throttle valve passes by the opener opening position.

A method for recognizing an error in a sensor signal during operation of a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine. In the method, a switch valve of the fuel injector is activated with the aid of an activation signal, and the sensor signal is detected as a signal of a sensor, which is provided for the purpose of detecting characteristic operating points of the fuel injector, in a respectively predefined time window of the sensor signal, which includes a point in time of a characteristic operating point of the fuel injector. At least one property of the sensor signal is determined, which includes a signal level and/or a rise time. It is determined, based on the at least one property of the sensor signal, whether an error is present.

Systems and processes are provided for measuring carbon deposits on an engine. In some examples, a light source can be transmitted through a viewing window of an engine onto an area of an internal surface of the engine and reflected back through the viewing window and detected using an optical sensor. A topography of the area can be determined based, at least in part, on the reflected light source detected by the optical sensor and used to determine whether carbon deposits have increased, decreased, or remained constant on the area.

A sensor support structure includes a connection portion positioned in the cylinder head cover of an internal combustion engine from an outer surface of the cylinder head cover to a position where the connection portion comes in contact with a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, an arm portion extending from an outer end side of the connection portion toward an outer side of the connection portion in a radial direction, a sensor support portion provided at an extending end of the arm portion, the sensor support portion being formed to protrude in a direction away from a side where the cylinder head is positioned, the sensor support portion supporting a sensor that detects a rotation of a camshaft of the internal combustion engine; and a restriction portion restricting a movement of the arm portion relative to the cylinder head cover in a circumferential direction about the connection portion.