A vaporizer device and associated methodology for providing accurate sampling through substantially efficient, complete and uniform single pass vaporization of a liquid sample by avoiding liquid pre-vaporization and downtime attributable to system damage from incomplete vaporization, particularly in the distribution, transportation, and custody transfer of natural gas. The vaporizer device includes at least one input port for receiving a liquid sample, a channel for directing the liquid to a vaporizer core and a heating assembly within the vaporizer core configured to flash vaporize the liquid sample. The vaporized sample can then be passed to an outlet for sample analysis.

A fluid sensor includes a support structure having a top main surface region; a thermal emitter on the top main surface region of the support structure; a thermal radiation detector on the top main surface region of the support structure; and a waveguide structure having a first and a second waveguide section on the top main surface region of the support structure. The first waveguide section guides a first portion of the thermal radiation to the thermal radiation detector and the second waveguide section guides a second portion of the thermal radiation to the thermal radiation detector. The waveguide structure enables an interaction of an evanescence field of the guided first and/or second portion of the thermal radiation with a surrounding fluid.

A fluid sensor includes a support structure having a top main surface region; a thermal emitter on the top main surface region of the support structure; a thermal radiation detector on the top main surface region of the support structure; and a waveguide structure having a first and a second waveguide section on the top main surface region of the support structure. The first waveguide section guides a first portion of the thermal radiation to the thermal radiation detector and the second waveguide section guides a second portion of the thermal radiation to the thermal radiation detector. The waveguide structure enables an interaction of an evanescence field of the guided first and/or second portion of the thermal radiation with a surrounding fluid.

A fluid sensor for performing a reference measurement includes a support structure having a top main surface region; a thermal emitter on the top main surface region of the support structure; a first waveguide section and a first thermal radiation detector on the top main surface region of the support structure; and a cover structure on at least one part of the first waveguide section. The first waveguide section guides a first portion of the thermal radiation emitted by the thermal emitter to the first thermal radiation detector. The first thermal radiation detector detects the guided first portion of the thermal radiation for performing the reference measurement.

A fluid sensor for performing a reference measurement includes a support structure having a top main surface region; a thermal emitter on the top main surface region of the support structure; a first waveguide section and a first thermal radiation detector on the top main surface region of the support structure; and a cover structure on at least one part of the first waveguide section. The first waveguide section guides a first portion of the thermal radiation emitted by the thermal emitter to the first thermal radiation detector. The first thermal radiation detector detects the guided first portion of the thermal radiation for performing the reference measurement.

A magnetic property measuring apparatus measures magnetic properties of a magnetic recording medium, and includes a rotating mechanism which rotates the magnetic recording medium, a heating or cooling mechanism which heats or cools the magnetic recording medium; a temperature measuring mechanism which measures a temperature of the magnetic recording medium, a laser heating mechanism, disposed opposite to a measurement site of the magnetic recording medium, which heats the measurement site without making contact with the measurement site, a magnetic write part, disposed opposite to the measurement site, which magnetizes the measurement site without making contact with the measurement site, and a magnetic read part, disposed opposite to the measurement site, which reads a magnetic flux leakage at the measurement site without making contact with the measurement site.

A magnetic property measuring apparatus measures magnetic properties of a magnetic recording medium, and includes a rotating mechanism which rotates the magnetic recording medium, a heating or cooling mechanism which heats or cools the magnetic recording medium; a temperature measuring mechanism which measures a temperature of the magnetic recording medium, a laser heating mechanism, disposed opposite to a measurement site of the magnetic recording medium, which heats the measurement site without making contact with the measurement site, a magnetic write part, disposed opposite to the measurement site, which magnetizes the measurement site without making contact with the measurement site, and a magnetic read part, disposed opposite to the measurement site, which reads a magnetic flux leakage at the measurement site without making contact with the measurement site.

A power-compensated fusion furnace includes a power control system having one switching device per heating element, power measurement circuitry, a master temperature sensor, and a controller. Each switching device is electrically connected to a respective heating element. The controller, in conjunction with the switching devices, is able to individually control the electrical energy flowing to each heating element, thereby controlling the duty cycle of each heating element. The duty cycles are corrected for one or more of: variations in the electrical resistance of each heating element and position-dependent variations in furnace cavity temperature.

A power-compensated fusion furnace includes a power control system having one switching device per heating element, power measurement circuitry, a master temperature sensor, and a controller. Each switching device is electrically connected to a respective heating element. The controller, in conjunction with the switching devices, is able to individually control the electrical energy flowing to each heating element, thereby controlling the duty cycle of each heating element. The duty cycles are corrected for one or more of: variations in the electrical resistance of each heating element and position-dependent variations in furnace cavity temperature.

A sample staining device, comprising a staining platform provided with a staining solution and cleaning solution supply part; glass slide support structures located on either side of the staining platform and forming a certain clearance between a glass slide and the staining platform; and a glass slide driving mechanism that enables the glass slide to move while maintaining a certain clearance from the staining platform. When said device works, a staining solution is supplied to the staining platform, and a convex liquid surface is formed due to surface tension; when the glass slide moves to the convex liquid surface of the staining solution, the staining solution infiltrates and diffuses in the clearance formed between the staining platform and the glass slide to cover the glass slide so as to stain a sample; and after the glass slide is stained, a cleaning solution is supplied to clean the residual staining solution.