Water-absorbent resin particles 10a having a gel surface elasticity measured by the following (1) to (5) is 0.35 to 2.00 N: (1) preparing a gel of the water-absorbent resin particles, (2) bringing a jig into contact with the gel, (3) performing an operation of pressing the jig into the gel and thereafter pulling the jig back to obtain a maximum value and a minimum value of loads applied to the jig during the operation, (4) repeating twice an operation of pressing the jig into the gel and thereafter pulling the jig back to obtain a maximum value and a minimum value of loads applied to the jig during each of operations, and (5) obtaining an average value of maximum values obtained in (3) and (4) and an average value of minimum values obtained in (3) and (4) to obtain a difference between these values as the gel surface elasticity.

Water-absorbent resin particles 10a having a gel surface elasticity measured by the following (1) to (5) is 0.35 to 2.00 N: (1) preparing a gel of the water-absorbent resin particles, (2) bringing a jig into contact with the gel, (3) performing an operation of pressing the jig into the gel and thereafter pulling the jig back to obtain a maximum value and a minimum value of loads applied to the jig during the operation, (4) repeating twice an operation of pressing the jig into the gel and thereafter pulling the jig back to obtain a maximum value and a minimum value of loads applied to the jig during each of operations, and (5) obtaining an average value of maximum values obtained in (3) and (4) and an average value of minimum values obtained in (3) and (4) to obtain a difference between these values as the gel surface elasticity.

Provide is a deformation testing apparatus in which a sign of breakage of a specimen under a deformation test can be detected before an actual breakage. The deformation testing apparatus carrying out a plurality of deformation cycles includes an image capturing means; reference data storing means storing the reference data showing the deformation state calculated based on the reference image data shot by the image capturing means; reference cycle number deformation data calculating means to calculate the reference data; detection cycle number deformation data calculating means to calculate detection cycle number deformation data showing the deformation state based on the detection image data shot at the detection cycle number being larger than the reference cycle number; and change detection means to detect that the deformation caused in the specimen is changed based on the reference cycle number deformation data and the detection cycle number deformation data.

An embodiment hammer device includes a driver, an upper body configured to move in a direction set by power generated from the driver, an elastic body provided on the upper body, a hammer provided in the elastic body, a force sensor provided in the hammer, and a support configured to support the elastic body and the hammer.

An example hinged device flexible substrate testing system includes: a first plate comprising a first surface configured to hold stationary a first side of a hinged device under test; a second plate comprising a second surface configured to hold a second side of the hinged device under test; a first cam follower coupled to the second plate; a first drive arm configured to move the first cam follower to cause the second plate to rotate about a hinge pivot axis of the hinged device under test; an actuator configured to rotate the drive arm; and a load cell configured to measure loads on the first plate while the actuator moves the second plate.

An example hinged device flexible substrate testing system includes: a first plate comprising a first surface configured to hold stationary a first side of a hinged device under test; a second plate comprising a second surface configured to hold a second side of the hinged device under test; a first cam follower coupled to the second plate; a first drive arm configured to move the first cam follower to cause the second plate to rotate about a hinge pivot axis of the hinged device under test; an actuator configured to rotate the drive arm; and a load cell configured to measure loads on the first plate while the actuator moves the second plate.

Disclosed herein are ropes containing bundles of filaments, where each bundle includes at least 70% by volume of liquid crystal polymer filaments, and where at least one bundle includes liquid crystal polymer filaments of at least 10 denier per filament in size. Also disclosed herein are methods of pulling or lifting an object by applying tension to such a rope connected to the object, where the rope is arranged over a sheave or a non-rotating guide surface, and a ratio of a diameter of the sheave or an effective diameter of the non-rotating guide surface, D, to a diameter of the rope, d, is at least 20:1.

Disclosed herein are ropes containing bundles of filaments, where each bundle includes at least 70% by volume of liquid crystal polymer filaments, and where at least one bundle includes liquid crystal polymer filaments of at least 10 denier per filament in size. Also disclosed herein are methods of pulling or lifting an object by applying tension to such a rope connected to the object, where the rope is arranged over a sheave or a non-rotating guide surface, and a ratio of a diameter of the sheave or an effective diameter of the non-rotating guide surface, D, to a diameter of the rope, d, is at least 20:1.

A device and method are provided for determining whether a laminate is bonded or debonded from its substrate. The device and method provide simple, accurate, rapid, cost-effective, and reliable means for assessing the bonding state of a laminated substrate.

A device and method are provided for determining whether a laminate is bonded or debonded from its substrate. The device and method provide simple, accurate, rapid, cost-effective, and reliable means for assessing the bonding state of a laminated substrate.