A lifting device and a storage cabinet are provided. The lifting device comprises: a supporting member and a lifting assembly, which comprises a rotating wheel, a rotating driving member, a mounting member and a first-stage sliding rail, wherein a flexible cable is wound around the rotating wheel, is adapted to move along with rotation of the rotating wheel, and comprises flexible cable sections located on two sides of the rotating wheel; the rotating driving member is connected to the rotating wheel, and is adapted to drive the rotating wheel to rotate; the mounting member is provided with a guide rail, and a first fixed pulley is mounted on the mounting member.