A particle detector that includes a housing defining a chamber, and an air stream injector, producing an airstream with entrained particles, in the chamber. A light source produces a light beam that intersects with and is wider than the air stream. A light detection assembly detects light generated by scattering of the light beam, by particles in the air stream. A digitizer produces a sequence of scattering digital values, each representing light detected per a first unit of time duration. Additionally, a summing assembly produces a sequence of summed scattering digital values, each equaling a sum of a sequential set of n of the digital values, and wherein successive summed digital values are offset by a the first unit of time duration and overlap by n1 of the first units of time duration with a nearest neighbor. Finally, a detection assembly processes the summed scattering digital values to detect particles.

Provided is an accurate turbidity measurement system and method, using a speckle pattern, in which a speckle pattern may be used for turbidity measurement, thereby enabling turbidity and bacterial or microbial contamination to be measured with high accuracy. The system may include: a measuring container which has a light input part formed in one side thereof, has a light scattering space formed therein, and has a light output part formed in the other side thereof; and an optical dilution member which is formed in at least a portion of the light scattering space, has a sample receiving part formed in one side thereof, and comprises an optical dilution medium having a role of optically diluting a speckle pattern of the sample.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for systems, apparatuses, and methods for real-time fluid analysis. Embodiments include a removable and replaceable sampling system and an analytical system connected to the sampling system. A fluid may be routed through the sampling system and real-time data may be collected from the fluid via the sampling system. The sampling system may process and transmit the real-time data to the analytical system. The analytical system may include a command and control system that may receive and store the real-time data in a database and compare the real-time data to existing data for the fluid in the database to identify conditions in the fluid.

The present disclosure provides systems, apparatuses, and methods for fluid analysis. Embodiments include a removable and replaceable sampling system and an analytical system connected to the sampling system. A fluid may be routed through the sampling system and real-time data may be collected from the fluid via the sampling system. The sampling system may process and transmit the real-time data to the analytical system. The analytical system may include a command and control system that may receive and store the real-time data in a database and compare the real-time data to existing data for the fluid in the database to identify conditions in the fluid.

An observation image determination device includes an observation image acquisition unit that captures an image of an observation region including a stem cell to be cultured to acquire an observation image and a determination unit that determines whether a living body of a different type from the stem cell is included in the observation region. The determination unit determines whether the different type of living body is included in the observation region, on the basis of at least one of form information of an observation target and information about a change in the observation target over time which are acquired from the observation image.

A microviable particle counting system includes: a microviable particle counting instrument configured to detect autofluorescence of a microviable particle in a sample as fluid, thereby counting the microviable particle in the sample; and a former-stage irradiator provided at a former stage of the microviable particle counting instrument to irradiate the sample with ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet light contains first ultraviolet light having such a wavelength that a carbon-carbon covalent bond is disconnected, and the first ultraviolet light has a wavelength shorter than 200 nm.

Embodiments of the present invention can be implemented to (i) verify that a liquid within a turbidity measuring device during an assay process is of the same origin of that upon which the assay was performed, (ii) verify a flow through the turbidity measuring device including, but not limited to, a turbidimeter, a nephelometer, a fluorimeter, or the like, and (iii) enact an alteration to measurement step(s) and/or determination step(s) of an assay process in correlation with one or more variables associated with the liquid sample including, but not limited to, flow rate, temperature, and pressure to reduce a standard error of the assay.

Disclosed are two endotoxin detection systems and corresponding detection methods thereof. Both of the systems integrate an optical path detection system on the basis of a conventional laser particle size detector and detect the particle size distribution characteristics of the endotoxin colloidal particles in an aqueous solution by using laser light scattering. One of the systems calculates the concentration of the endotoxin by fitting the correlation of the astigmatism with the concentration of the endotoxin according to the differences in scattering intensity of the endotoxin particles at more than three different angles via a quantitative operator. The other system tests the detection parameters of the concentration limits of a series of concentrations of endotoxin standard solutions by the laser light source intensity adjustment, the scanning mode adjustment and the detection parameter adjustment, then selects a corresponding detection parameter to test a sample, and determines whether the sample is satisfactory according to the range of particle size distribution peaks in the detection result. The detection speed is fast, the detection cost is low, and the reliability is high, so the invention can achieve the quantitative detection as well as the single, continuous or online detection of the limits of an endotoxin.

A method and system of measuring the size distribution of particles within dilute colloids, for example, through variation of the minimum detected size of aerosolized colloid particles. The method of determining the size distribution of particles in a fluid, involves forming a stream of aerosol droplets of the fluid, the droplets containing particles and dissolved material evaporating the droplets to generate particles, and measuring the concentration of particles by varying a detection threshold. A system or apparatus for determining the size distribution of particles in a fluid, includes a droplet former for forming a stream, of aerosol droplets of the fluid, the droplets containing particles and dissolved material, and a condensation particle detector for evaporating the droplets to generate particles and for measuring the concentration of particles, the condensation particle detector having a variable detection threshold.

Embodiments of the present invention can be implemented to (i) verify that a liquid within a turbidity measuring device during an assay process is of the same origin of that upon which the assay was performed, (ii) verify a flow through the turbidity measuring device including, but not limited to, a turbidimeter, a nephelometer, a fluorimeter, or the like, and (iii) enact an alteration to measurement step(s) and/or determination step(s) of an assay process in correlation with one or more variables associated with the liquid sample including, but not limited to, flow rate, temperature, and pressure to reduce a standard error of the assay.