An apparatus and method for creating enlarged particles in a flow. The apparatus includes a coiled tube having a tube diameter and a coil diameter, the tube having an input receiving the flow and an output, the tube having a length between the input and the output. A heater heats a first portion of the tube along a first, longitudinal portion of the tube, and a cooler cools a second, longitudinal portion of the tube along at least a second portion of the tube. The method includes heating a first portion of the tube along a first longitudinal portion of the tube, and simultaneously cooling a second portion of the tube along at least a second longitudinal portion of the tube. While heating and cooling, the method includes introducing a flow into an interior of the tube at an input, the flow moving the output.

An apparatus and method for condensationally enlarging particles in a flow of air or other gas. The apparatus includes a coiled tube having a tube diameter and a coil diameter, the tube having an input receiving the flow and an output, the tube having a length between the input and the output. The walls of the tube are wetted with a condensing fluid. The walls of the first portion of the coiled tube are held a temperature that is lower than the highest temperature in the second portion of the tube. The tube may have a third vapor recovery portion with wall temperature lower than the highest temperature in the second portion, and which optionally may not be coiled. While heating and cooling, the method includes introducing a flow into an interior of the tube at an input, the flow moving the output.

Calibrated particle analysis apparatus and method are provided. In the calibrated particle analysis apparatus, a gas exchange device and several flow controllers are disposed in front of a particle analyzer. Therefore, when the calibrated particle analysis apparatus is used, gases of a sample can be exchanged with a carrier gas suggested to be used with the particle analyzer. Hence, the accuracy of analyzing the particles can be increased, and possible hazards from dangerous or toxic materials can be avoided.

A method and system of measuring the size distribution of particles within dilute colloids, for example, through variation of the minimum ice-nucleation sizes of particles within the colloid. The system for measuring particles in fluids includes, a sample fluid inlet and an ice nuclei counter communicatively connected to the sample fluid inlet, the ice nuclei counter cooling the sample fluid and measuring particles which form crystals in the cooled fluid. The method for measuring particles in fluid includes the steps of providing a sample fluid, cooling the sample fluid, and measuring particles which form crystals in the cooled fluid.

A method for monitoring and detecting leaks in a pipeline is disclosed. The method is particularly useful in pipelines that are transporting hydrocarbons. Gas enabled photo sensitive particles are fed into the pipeline and when they encounter a leak, change their condition. This change is captured by a detector which transmits the data to an operator that a leak condition exists as well as its location and intensity.

An apparatus and method for creating enlarged particles in a flow. The apparatus includes a coiled tube having a tube diameter and a coil diameter, the tube having an input receiving the flow and an output, the tube having a length between the input and the output. A heater heats a first portion of the tube along a first, longitudinal portion of the tube, and a cooler cools a second, longitudinal portion of the tube along at least a second portion of the tube. The method includes heating a first portion of the tube along a first longitudinal portion of the tube, and simultaneously cooling a second portion of the tube along at least a second longitudinal portion of the tube. While heating and cooling, the method includes introducing a flow into an interior of the tube at an input, the flow moving the output.

The disclosure provides a sample testing method and a sample analyzer, the method including: providing a sample and a reagent, the reagent including at least two fluorescent dyes for staining particles in the sample, wherein an absolute value of a difference between wavelengths corresponding to peaks of emission spectra of the two fluorescent dyes is greater than 30 nanometers and less than 80 nanometers, and an overlap between the emission spectra of the two fluorescent dyes is not greater than 50%; mixing the sample and the reagent to form a sample solution; flowing the sample solution in a flow cell in a single test, irradiating the particles flowing in the flow cell using light with a single wavelength; detecting at least fluorescence signals generated by the particles; and obtaining a test result of the sample based on at least the fluorescence signals.

A particle detector for rapidly detecting and identifying sub 20 nm particles in Ultra Pure Water (UPW) is disclosed. The detector has a nano particle extractor, a nanoparticle collector, and a tracer particle introducer. The extractor limits the size of droplets output to a predetermined size. The extractor includes (1) a liquid sample inlet, (2) a nebulizer connected to the liquid sample inlet (the nebulizer has a gas supply, and an outlet), (3) an impactor arranged to receive material output from the nebulizer, (4) an evaporator connected to the nebulizer and impactor for providing an aerosol at the extractor outlet, and (5) an aerosol connected to the evaporator. The collector us connected to the extractor and has: (1) a collector inlet connected to the aerosol outlet of the extractor, (2) a vapor condensation growth tube connected to the collector inlet, and (3) a repositionable particle capture plate arranged to receive material output from the growth tube at spatially varying positions. The tracer particle introducer is connected to the liquid sample inlet of the extractor. It includes a tracer particle supply connected to a pump which is connected to the extractor. A method for rapid identification of sub 20 nm particles in UPW is also disclosed.

An apparatus for on-line monitoring particle contamination in special gas includes a single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (sp-ICPMS) and a gas exchange device (GED). The gas exchange device is coupled to the sp-ICPMS. The gas exchange device includes a corrosion resistant outer tube and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) inner tube. A gap is formed between the corrosion resistant outer tube and the PTFE inner tube. The length of the PTFE inner tube is 1 meter or more. The argon gas flows in the gap, and the special gas flow in the PTFE inner tube.

An on-line measurement system for aerosol precursors emitted from industrial sources has three parts: online measurement part, pipeline cleaning part and automatic control part. The system includes: a particulate filter, high temperature intake pipe, two detergent tanks, an air pump, a cooling water pump, two detergent pumps, a condenser, an impinger, a cooling water meter, a salinity meter, a liquid flow meter, a gas flow meter, nitrogen cylinders, connecting pipes, control valves, computer control program etc. The aerosol precursor concentration Cg emitted from industrial sources is measured in the online measurement section. After every measurement, the pipeline is cleaned by the pipeline cleaning part to remove organic and inorganic residual. The automatic control part is controlled by the computer through a controlling program to control the working process of the system. The system has small area occupation, low investment cost, simple maintenance, convenient transformation and high applicability.