Various embodiments include an exemplary design of a high-temperature condensation particle counter (HT-CPC) having particle-counting statistics that are greatly improved over prior art systems since the sample flow of the disclosed HT-CPC is at least eight times greater than the prior art systems. In one embodiment, the HT-CPC includes a saturator block to accept directly a sampled particle-laden gas flow, a condenser block located downstream and in fluid communication with the saturator block, an optics block located downstream and in fluid communication with the condenser block, and a makeup-flow block having a concentric-tube design located in fluid communication with and between the condenser block and the optics block. The makeup-flow block being configured to reduce volatile contents from re-nucleating in the optics block. Other designs and apparatuses are disclosed.

An analyzer of a component in a sample fluid includes an optical source and an optical detector defining a beam path of a beam, wherein the optical source emits the beam and the optical detector measures the beam after partial absorption by the sample fluid, a fluid flow cell disposed on the beam path defining an interrogation region in the a fluid flow cell in which the optical beam interacts with the sample fluid and a reference fluid; and wherein the sample fluid and the reference fluid are in laminar flow, and a scanning system that scans the beam relative to the laminar flow within the fluid flow cell, wherein the scanning system scans the beam relative to both the sample fluid and the reference fluid.

A method for measuring, in particular simultaneously measuring, different particle concentrations, in particular particulate matter concentrations, preferably in a flow, using a particle measuring system, in particular a particulate matter measuring system, comprising a photometric scattered light unit (1) with a measurement volume (16), wherein the scattered light unit (1) consists of at least one light transmitter (7) which emits (13) light signals, in particular pulsed light signals, and of at least one light-sensitive receiver system (8), which is arranged at at least one angle (15) and which receives the scattered light (14) from the particles (12) forming the particle concentration, characterized in that the scattered light unit (1) with measurement volume (16) is hermetically sealed with the exception of at least one fluid inlet (1a) and/or at least one fluid outlet (1b), which are provided with blocking devices (2, 3), wherein a sample of the fluid to be examined is applied to the scattered light unit (1) with measurement volume (16) and a predeterminable first number of measurement values is recorded.

One variation of a pathogen detection system includes an air sampler and a cartridge. The air sampler includes: a housing defining an inlet and an outlet; a tunnel arranged within the housing and extending between the inlet and the outlet; a charge electrode arranged within the tunnel proximal the inlet; a cartridge receptacle arranged proximal the outlet and comprising a cartridge terminal; and a power supply configured to drive a voltage between the charge electrode and the cartridge terminal. The cartridge includes: a substrate; a collector plate arranged on the substrate and configured to collect charged bioaerosols moving through the tunnel; and a connector configured to transiently engage the cartridge receptacle to locate the substrate and the collector plate within the tunnel and electrically couple the collector plate to the cartridge terminal.

Methods and devices for fluidic-based automated regulation of liquid-suspended particles and plug removal (of particles) from possible choke points in the liquid flow channel and methods for multiple parallel particle processing are disclosed. The apparatus comprises flow channels, flow direction means, particle detectors and a control unit.

Provided is a sample property detecting apparatus including: a wave source configured to irradiate a wave towards a sample; a detector configured to detect a laser speckle that is generated when the wave is multiple-scattered by the sample, at every time point that is set in advance; and a controller configured to obtain a temporal correlation that is a variation in the detected laser speckle according to time, and to detect properties of the sample in real-time based on the temporal correlation, wherein the detector detects the laser speckle between the sample and the detector or from a region in the detector.

An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a washing machine that detects contamination of water due to a dye and prevents contamination of laundry due to the dye. The washing machine includes a tub; a drum configured to be rotatable inside of the tub; a detergent supplier configured to supply a detergent to the tub; a water supplier configured to supply a water to the tub; an optical sensor provided under the tub, wherein the optical sensor includes a light emitting element and a light receiving element configured to selectively receive a plurality of visible rays having different wavelengths and an infrared ray among a light emitted from the light emitting element; and a controller configured to control the water supplier to supply the detergent and the water to the tub and rotate the drum during a washing. In addition, the controller may reduce the washing time based on the sum of the received intensities of the plurality of visible rays and the received intensity of the infrared ray.

Embodiments of the present invention include a device for removing energy from a beam of electromagnetic radiation. Typically, the device can be operatively coupled to a turbidity measuring device to remove energy generated by the turbidity measuring device. The device can include a block of material having one of a plurality of different shapes coated in an energy absorbing material. Generally, the device can include an angled or rounded energy absorbing surface where the beam of electromagnetic radiation can be directed. The angled or rounded energy absorbing surface can configured to deflect a portion of the beam of electromagnetic radiation to a second energy absorbing surface.

In the scanning molecule counting method using optical measurement with a confocal or multiphoton microscope, there is provided a technique of computing a light-emitting particle concentration which changes with time and detecting a concentration change velocity or a reaction velocity. The inventive optical analysis technique of detecting light of light-emitting particles in a sample solution generates time series light intensity data of light from a light detection region detected with moving the position of the light detection region of the microscope in the sample solution; measures successively an interval of generation times of signals of the light-emitting particles detected in the time series light intensity data; and determines the concentration or concentration change velocity of the light-emitting particles, using the successively measured signal generation time intervals.

A particle separating and measuring device of the present disclosure includes: a first flow path device including a post-separation flow outlet through which a first fluid containing specific particles to be separated flows out; and a second flow path device on which the first flow path device is placed and including a first flow inlet through which the first fluid flows in, the first flow path device in which the post-separation flow outlet is arranged in a lower surface is placed on the second flow path device in which the first flow inlet is arranged in an upper surface of a first region, the post-separation flow outlet and the first flow inlet are connected so as to face each other, and a size of an opening of the first flow inlet is larger than a size of an opening of the post-separation flow outlet.