Devices to determine the filtration behavior of a device for filtering gaseous fluid. These devices are characterized by unchanged reproducibility during further tests. To this end, the device comprises a first device for setting a particular differential pressure, a second device having a certain degree of filtration efficiency of the gaseous fluid, which flows through the devices, of the filter test system such that a differential pressure and/or filtration efficiency are adjustable in a variable fashion and independently of one another,
and the first device (2) and the second device (3) are normal for filtration,
with permanently constant characteristics with regard to the differential pressure that is set and the filtration efficiency that is set as a reference device for simulation of a filtering separator, a first adapter for coupling on the inflow side, and a second adapter for coupling on the outflow side.

A membrane surface monitoring system (MSM) and membrane surface monitoring cell for direct and unambiguous detection of membrane surface fouling and mineral scaling. The system includes a membrane surface monitoring system cell, a control valve, a retentate flow meter/transmitter and a controller. The MSM cell has a visually-observable membrane, an edge-lit light guide, an edge illumination light source, a retentate module, and a permeate module. A pressurized inlet stream is fed into the MSM cell. The feed contacts a membrane sheet, leading to membrane-based separation operation to produce retentate and permeate streams. The MSM cell integrates surface illumination and imaging components to allow direct real-time visualization and spectral imaging of the membrane surface in real time. The pressure on the feed-side of the MSM cells is approximately that of the membrane plant element being monitored such that the plant control system can adjust plant operating conditions.

Methods for analyzing an accumulation of particles on a filter membrane involve analyzing comprise the particle accumulation in an optical analysis system using a light microscope, and then analyzing the particle accumulation in an SEM-EDX analysis system using a scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In order to simplify and accelerate the testing of the filter membrane both in the optical analysis system and in the SEM-EDX system, the filter membrane is subject to a preparation which includes: (i) fixing the particles to the filter membrane, (ii) coating the particle accumulation with an electrically conductive coating which is produced from a conductivity solution that contains an ionic liquid, and (iii) holding the filter membrane flat or pulling the filter membrane taut.

An adjustable filtration assembly performs water filtration tests from a sample point. A container contains a water solution. An inlet valve enables a flow of the water solution into the container. An adjustable pressure regulator valve regulates the flow. A relief valve releases a portion of the water solution when a pressure of the water solution exceeds a threshold pressure. A differential pressure gauge displays a current pressure reading of the water solution in the container, receives adjustments specifying a specific pressure to be maintained, maintains the specific pressure of the water solution, and triggers the relief valve when the pressure exceeds the specific pressure. An outlet valve, when opened, outputs a measured volume of the water solution. A filter membrane mounted in the outlet valve filters solids from the measured volume. A relative plugging index (RPI) of the water solution is determined based on a weight of the solids.

Provided herein is a membrane filter device comprising a cell top cover (A, Y) and a cell bottom cover (B, Z) covering the device, a flexible tube (35, E, F) whereas at the end of the tube, a nozzle jet (22) is also secured via conical reducer to produce upper Reynold's number and for distributing the feed fluid, within the hex hollow chamber (C, X) for storing and receiving feed fluid, a reducer chamber (C, R1, R2) for storing and receiving permeate filtrated fluid, a connector (32, 53, 56) connecting both feed chambers (A, Y, Z) and reducer chambers (A, Y, Z), a membrane assembly (M/F) comprising a layer of membrane (130) sandwiched by a pair of seal rings (P1, OR, P2) and a layer of support net (MS) for securing said membrane (M/F). Most of the joints are connected using threaded joint and flow pressure, therefore no external clamp, nuts or bolts is needed. The flexible tube and the cylindrical shape ensure uniform flow in chambers. The apparatus is therefore a user-friendly and steadfast membrane filter device.

Systems and methods for operating an engine that includes an exhaust system with a differential pressure sensor are described. In one example, output of the differential pressure sensor is compared to output of a barometric pressure sensor to determine whether or not the barometric pressure sensor is degraded. The output of the differential pressure sensor may be monitored while the engine is rotated without being fueled.

The invention relates to a method for quantifying porous media and to the analytical particles specially designed therefor and to the use thereof, for example in order to determine the water permeability of rocks as a prerequisite for the development of criteria for ground water movement or the material characterization of porous materials or rock layers or for monitoring chemical, biological and/or biotechnological reactors, water tanks, water reservoirs and water line systems or in medical in-vivo methods.

A membrane surface monitoring system (MSM) and membrane surface monitoring cell for direct and unambiguous detection of membrane surface fouling and mineral scaling. The system includes a membrane surface monitoring system cell, a control valve, a retentate flow meter/transmitter and a controller. The MSM cell has a visually-observable membrane, an edge-lit light guide, an edge illumination light source, a retentate module, and a permeate module. A pressurized inlet stream is fed into the MSM cell. The feed contacts a membrane sheet, leading to membrane-based separation operation to produce retentate and permeate streams. The MSM cell integrates surface illumination and imaging components to allow direct real-time visualization and spectral imaging of the membrane surface in real time. The pressure on the feed-side of the MSM cells is approximately that of the membrane plant element being monitored such that the plant control system can adjust plant operating conditions.

A leak detection device and method for use in testing a wall with selective gas/liquid permeability. The wall is sealed inside a containment including an injection chamber and a test chamber. The injection chamber is in communication with an injection and pressurization source and the test chamber is in communication with a vacuum production device. A vaporized liquid detector is in communication with the test chamber operable to detect and/or measure a parameter related to a quantity of liquid vapor or a variation in the quantity of liquid vapor which is indicative of a leak condition through the wall.

Method of identifying a valid flow path includes: performing fluid analysis of a porous body, which is ought to have inflow surface and outflow surface, based on structure data representing a 3-dimentional structure of the porous body to generate data indicating at least a pressure distribution of a fluid in a flow path in the porous body; and identifying a valid flow path that allows the fluid to flow from the inflow surface to the outflow surface based on a gradient of pressure values along a flow direction of the fluid in the flow path.