An approach to remotely and noninvasively detect and evaluate the response of a plant or plant population to a man-made or natural treatment regime (e.g., herbicide, fungicide or fertilizer treatment) via spectral imaging methods and systems comprising the capture of a plurality of spectral images for a common plant scene, each associated with a selected wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum, the formulation of an index function from the spectral information indicative of the plant response over time, and the assessment of mathematical parameters quantifying the time-varying plant response to the treatment regime. The plant response to a treatment regime may be quantified in illustrative embodiments in a fraction of the time previously required by many conventional approaches. Applying varying herbicide dosages to segments of the same plant population enables easy determination of a dose-response curve.

A gas measuring device (100) and a gas measuring process analyze a gas sample (Gp) from a spatial area (B) for target gas (Zg). A measurement chamber (2) is filled with the gas sample and a reference chamber (3) is filled with a reference gas (Rg). A radiation source (1) emits radiation [eW, s(t)] into the measurement chamber and the reference chamber. The target gas attenuates the radiation. A measurement detector (4) measures a measurement signal [y(t)], a reference detector (5) measures a reference signal [x(t)]. Both signals correlate with the radiation intensity in the respective chamber. A system behavior [G(s)] of a system model is calculated that is excited with the reference signal [x(t)] as the input signal and generates the measurement signal [y(t)] as the output signal in response. Information (Erg) about the target gases in the gas sample is determined by evaluating the system behavior.

Methods and apparatus for non-invasively and accurately detecting a chemically-stable molecular structure. The methods and apparatus can be used to detect molecules associated with disease and disorders, and objects or subjects associated with such disease and disorders, such as contaminated with the molecules or pathogens, or having disease or disorder associated with the molecules or pathogens.

Provided herein are methods of detecting single molecules that include binding single molecules in a sample solution to a first surface of an optically transparent substrate include the optically transparent substrate is free of a metallic coating. In some embodiments, the methods include irradiating the first surface of the substrate with an incident light having an incident angle selected to achieve total internal reflection of the incident light, thereby scattering light from the first surface and from the single molecules bound to the surface in which a wavelength of the incident light is between 10 nm and 350 m and the optically transparent substrate has a refractive index at the wavelength of the incident light exceeding that of the sample solution, and collecting an image that captures interference between evanescent light scattered from the single molecules and the first surface. Systems and additional methods are also provided.

A measuring method and device based on the second harmonic for the whole area measurement of a wafer comprises three modes: a fixed-point measurement, a scanning measurement, and a combination of the fixed-point measurement and the scanning measurement. The scanning measurement solution measures the entire wafer under the premise of ensuring high measurement efficiency, obtain the position, size and relative density distribution of electrical defects, and achieve locating and checking of abnormal points on the wafer. A new formula system is provided for describing the second harmonic signal, so that the actual measurement results and the theoretical model are unified under the three modes of the fixed-point measurement, the scanning measurement, and the combination of fixed-point measurement and scanning measurement, so that the second harmonic metrology technology is no longer only a qualitative analysis method, but also a quantitative analysis method.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, provided is an apparatus for providing microorganism information, including: a receiving unit configured to receive a plurality of images obtained by photographing in time series an outgoing wave emitted from a sample; a detecting unit configured to extract a feature of a change over time from the plurality of images obtained by photographing in time series; a learning unit configured to machine-learn classification criteria based on the extracted feature; and a determining unit configured to classify the type or concentration of a microorganism included in the sample based on the classification criteria, wherein each of the plurality of images includes speckle information generated by multiple scattering by the microorganism due to waves incident on the sample.

A measurement system may direct an illumination beam including at least one of a first frequency comb or a second frequency comb to a sample, and generate a sequence of images of the sample based on the first frequency comb and the second frequency comb. The system may include one or more coding optical elements to encode data associated with one or more transfer matrix elements into the sequence of images of the sample. The system may further generate a transfer matrix dataset including measurements of at least one of the one or more transfer matrix elements associated with the sample based on at least one of spectral, spatial, or temporal analysis of the sequence of images, and generate one or more measurements of the sample based on the transfer matrix dataset.

A wearable device to measure a user's physiological parameters comprising one or more biosensors, as well as a light source comprising light emitting diodes, lenses for directing light towards tissue of the user comprising blood vessels, and a detection system receiving reflected tissue light. The physiological parameters, for example hypertension, are measured with a differential measurement. For example, the physiological parameters may be associated with pulse rate and blood flow. The output signal is associated with the physiological parameters, and artificial intelligence may be used in making decisions regarding the output signal. Signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal may be improved by synchronizing the detection system to the light source, increasing light intensity, and detecting a change. The wearable device is configured to determine that is being worn by the user and may be configured to communicate with a smartphone or tablet.

A sputum image processing assembly for processing sputum in a sputum sample container, and method of processing an image of the sputum. The assembly includes a light source to illuminate the sputum, a light sensor to acquire a reflected light from the illuminated sputum, a light enclosure to limit a light between the light source and the light sensor, and an image processor module to generate an image of the sputum with the acquired light. Further disclosed is a method of processing a plurality of sputum samples over time. The method includes acquiring a first sputum image of a first sputum sample, analyzing the first sputum image to determine first color information, acquiring a second sputum image of a second sputum sample, analyzing the second sputum image to determine second color information, and creating a time-based sputum report based on the first color information and the second color information.

A system and method for determining a partial pressure of hydrogen in a volume. A response is measured of a section of an optical fiber disposed in the volume to a parameter of the volume. A partial pressure of hydrogen in the volume is determined from the response of the optical fiber to the parameter. The presence of hydrogen in the volume is determined from the partial pressure of hydrogen.