Building blocks are provided for on-chip chemical sensors and other highly-compact photonic integrated circuits combining interband or quantum cascade lasers and detectors with passive waveguides and other components integrated on a III-V or silicon. A MWIR or LWIR laser source is evanescently coupled into a passive extended or resonant-cavity waveguide that provides evanescent coupling to a sample gas (or liquid) for spectroscopic chemical sensing. In the case of an ICL, the uppermost layer of this passive waveguide has a relatively high index of refraction that enables it to form the core of the waveguide, while the ambient air, consisting of the sample gas, functions as the top cladding layer. A fraction of the propagating light beam is absorbed by the sample gas if it contains a chemical species having a fingerprint absorption feature within the spectral linewidth of the laser emission.

An analysis method includes: obtaining n×m pieces of map data by repeating, m times, a map measurement in which n pieces of map data are obtained by scanning a specimen with a primary probe to detect electrons emitted from the specimen with an electron spectrometer, while measurement energy ranges of an analyzer are varied; and generating a spectral map in which a position on the specimen is associated with a spectrum based on the n×m pieces of map data, the measurement energy ranges of m times of the map measurement not overlapping each other.

An analysis method includes: obtaining n×m pieces of map data by repeating, m times, a map measurement in which n pieces of map data are obtained by scanning a specimen with a primary probe to detect electrons emitted from the specimen with an electron spectrometer, while measurement energy ranges of an analyzer are varied; and generating a spectral map in which a position on the specimen is associated with a spectrum based on the n×m pieces of map data, the measurement energy ranges of m times of the map measurement not overlapping each other.

A system for urine sample analysis, the system may include one or more transmitters for transmitting radiation; one or more sensors that are configured to receive received radiation that passed through the urine sample and to generate detection signals indicative of an intensity of the received radiation at multiple frequencies; detaching elements that are configured to detach the one or more transmitters and the one or more sensors to a toilet bowl; and a processor that is configured to participate in the urine sample analysis for determining a content of the urine sample based on the detection signals.

The present disclosure provides methods and systems for performing single-molecule detection using fabricated integrated on-chip devices. In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for on-chip detection of an array of biological, chemical, or physical entities, comprising: (a) providing an array of light sensing devices; (b) immobilizing the array of biological, chemical, or physical entities on a substrate of the array of light sensing devices; (c) exposing the array of biological, chemical, or physical entities to electromagnetic radiation sufficient to excite the array of biological, chemical, or physical entities, thereby producing an emission signal of the array of biological, chemical, or physical entities; (d) using the array of light sensing devices, acquiring pixel information of the emission signal of the array of biological, chemical, or physical entities without scanning the array of light sensing devices across the array of biological, chemical, or physical entities; and (d) detecting the array of biological, chemical, or physical entities based at least in part on the acquired pixel information.

In a method for operating a cooking appliance, a cooking compartment is irradiated by light of different wavelength ranges. Light reflected in the cooking compartment is measured and measurement results of the light measurement are spectroscopically evaluated. Depending on a result of the spectroscopic evaluation, operation of the cooking appliance is adjusted.

In a method for operating a cooking appliance, a cooking compartment is irradiated by light of different wavelength ranges. Light reflected in the cooking compartment is measured and measurement results of the light measurement are spectroscopically evaluated. Depending on a result of the spectroscopic evaluation, operation of the cooking appliance is adjusted.

A high-altitude atmospheric sensor may include a frame configured to attach to a body of an aircraft, where the frame defines an open measurement cavity for air to travel through during flight of the aircraft. The sensor may further include one or more light sources providing input light such as mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers, a beamsplitter to separate the input light into measurement light propagating along a measurement path and reference light propagating along a reference path, one or more measurement cells providing optical paths for the measurement light in the open measurement cavity of the frame, one or more detectors to capture the measurement light from the one or more measurement cells and the reference light, and a controller to generate one or more spectroscopy measurements of air passing through the open measurement cavity during the flight of the aircraft.

The present invention relates to an assembly with novel form of portable device to check color differences between varied surfaces designed for private or commercial use, and covers a wide range of applications, including. The assembly is easy to use, works well with variety of surfaces and can be used and reused efficiently with minimal training.

The present invention relates to an assembly with novel form of portable device to check color differences between varied surfaces designed for private or commercial use, and covers a wide range of applications, including. The assembly is easy to use, works well with variety of surfaces and can be used and reused efficiently with minimal training.