A system for the identification of micro-organisms includes an irradiation unit adapted to sequentially provide coherent electromagnetic radiation of one or more wavelengths along a common optical path. A holder is adapted to retain a substrate having a surface adapted for growth of a micro-organism colony. A beamsplitter is adapted to direct the coherent electromagnetic radiation from the common optical path towards the retained substrate. An imager is arranged opposite the beamsplitter from the retained substrate and is adapted to obtain images of backward-scattered light patterns from the micro-organism colony irradiated by the respective wavelengths of the directed coherent electromagnetic radiation. Some examples provide radiation of multiple wavelengths and include an imager arranged optically downstream of the retained substrate to obtain images of forward-scattered light patterns from the micro-organism colony irradiated by the wavelengths of radiation. Organism identification methods are also described.

A method and a device for determining a degree of thermal hair damage are provided. A method for determining a degree of thermal hair damage includes, during exposure of a hair sample of hair to UV or UV/VIS light, recording a spectrum of at least a portion of the UV or UV/VIS light that has interacted with the hair sample. Further, the method includes comparing at least a portion of the spectrum with a spectroscopic calibration model obtained using UV or UV/VIS spectra and degrees of thermal damage of a plurality of calibration hair samples. Also, the method includes determining the degree of thermal hair damage by using the comparison.

A method and a device for determining a degree of thermal hair damage are provided. A method for determining a degree of thermal hair damage includes, during exposure of a hair sample of hair to UV or UV/VIS light, recording a spectrum of at least a portion of the UV or UV/VIS light that has interacted with the hair sample. Further, the method includes comparing at least a portion of the spectrum with a spectroscopic calibration model obtained using UV or UV/VIS spectra and degrees of thermal damage of a plurality of calibration hair samples. Also, the method includes determining the degree of thermal hair damage by using the comparison.

A apparatus for obtaining an individualized unit spectrum includes: a spectrum obtainer configured to obtain a first biological spectrum from a subject at a first measurement time, and obtain a second biological spectrum from the subject at a second measurement time; and a processor configured to extract the individualized unit spectrum from the first biological spectrum and the second biological spectrum, based on a predetermined unit spectrum of a target component.

Disclosed herein are devices, systems, methods and kits for performing immunoassay tests on a sample. The immunoassay devices may be used in conjunction with diagnostic reader systems for obtaining a sensitive read-out of the immunoassay results. The immunoassay devices may be especially suited for the detection of at least a first analyte and a second analyte in a sample. The immunoassay devices and methods may utilize a competitive binding-like assay and a sandwich binding assay to detect analytes in a sample.

An optical beam controller includes: an optical multiple-beam generator generating a plurality of wavelength-swept optical beams; and an optical frequency difference setter setting an optical frequency difference in any combination of the plurality of optical beams in such a way as to be larger than a band of a photodetector that receives an optical beam.

Provided is a microorganism detection apparatus including a body, a sample accommodator module provided in the body to accommodate a sample, a beam irradiation module for irradiating a beam to the sample, a sensor module for detecting speckles generated when the beam irradiated to the sample is scattered due to motion of bacteria or microorganisms included in the sample, and a controller for controlling the beam irradiated from the beam irradiation module, and storing and analyzing images detected by the sensor module, wherein the sample accommodator module includes a sample accommodation block having a sample hole capable of accommodating a container containing the sample, and a heater for supplying heat to the bacteria or microorganisms in the sample at a preset temperature.

Provided is a microorganism detection apparatus including a body, a sample accommodator module provided in the body to accommodate a sample, a beam irradiation module for irradiating a beam to the sample, a sensor module for detecting speckles generated when the beam irradiated to the sample is scattered due to motion of bacteria or microorganisms included in the sample, and a controller for controlling the beam irradiated from the beam irradiation module, and storing and analyzing images detected by the sensor module, wherein the sample accommodator module includes a sample accommodation block having a sample hole capable of accommodating a container containing the sample, and a heater for supplying heat to the bacteria or microorganisms in the sample at a preset temperature.

Methods of deep ultraviolet fluorescence (DUVF) and multi spectral imaging (MSI) detection are disclosed herein for the detection and identification of pathogens on plants. DUV light and visible or near-infrared light are used to illuminate plants or plant leaves such that the light intensity reflected or emitted by the plant or plant leaves can be used to identify the type of pathogen and measure the amount of pathogen on the plant or plant leaves and, additionally, be used to measure the plant's stress response to such pathogen. Also provided herein is a biophotonic analyzer device that uses both DUVF and MSI detection for the monitoring and surveillance of plant health and for the identification and enumeration of pathogens on plants or plant leaves.

A high backscattering optical fiber comprising a perturbed segment in which the perturbed segment reflects a relative power such that the optical fiber has an effective index of n.sub.eff, a numerical aperture of NA, a scatter of R.sub.p.fwdarw.r.sup.(fiber) that varies axially along the optical fiber, a total transmission loss of α.sub.fiber, an in-band range greater than one nanometer (1 nm), and a figure of merit (FOM) in the in-band range. The FOM being defined as: $\mathrm{FOM}=\frac{R_{p.fwdarw.r}^{\left(\mathrm{fiber}\right)}}{{{\alpha }_{\mathrm{fiber}}\left(\frac{\mathrm{NA}}{2n_{\mathrm{eff}}}\right)}^2}.$