An object is to provide a shape measurement system and a shape measurement method that allow deriving a three-dimensional shape of a linear object to be measured over a long distance and with high resolution. A shape measurement system according to the present invention includes: a multi-core optical fiber (10) including a center core (11) arranged in a center of a cross section of the multi-core optical fiber (10) and three or more outer peripheral cores (12) arranged at equal intervals on an outside of the center core (11) and in a concentric manner; a measuring device (20) that measures a backward Brillouin scattering light distribution in a propagation direction of each core of the multi-core optical fiber (10); and an analysis device (30) that computes positional coordinates in a three-dimensional space of a linear structural object having an unknown three-dimensional shape from the backward Brillouin scattering light distribution of the multi-core optical fiber (10) arranged along the linear structural object having the unknown three-dimensional shape and the multi-core optical fiber (10) arranged along a linear structural object having an already-known three-dimensional shape.

An x-ray based cased wellbore simultaneous tubing and casing measurement tool is disclosed including at least an x-ray source; a radiation shield to define the output from of the produced x-rays; a two-dimensional per-pixel collimated imaging detector array; a secondary two-dimensional per-pixel collimated imaging detector array; a plurality of parallel hole collimators formatted such in one direction so as to form a pinhole in another direction; sonde-dependent electronics; and a plurality of tool logic electronics and PSUs. A method of using an x-ray based cased wellbore simultaneous tubing and casing measurement tool is also disclosed, the method including at least producing x-rays in a shaped output; measuring the intensity of backscatter x-rays returning from materials surrounding the wellbore; determining the inner and outer diameters of tubing and casing from the backscatter x-rays; and converting image data from said detectors into consolidated images of the tubing and casing.

An x-ray based cased wellbore simultaneous tubing and casing measurement tool is disclosed including at least an x-ray source; a radiation shield to define the output from of the produced x-rays; a two-dimensional per-pixel collimated imaging detector array; a secondary two-dimensional per-pixel collimated imaging detector array; a plurality of parallel hole collimators formatted such in one direction so as to form a pinhole in another direction; sonde-dependent electronics; and a plurality of tool logic electronics and PSUs. A method of using an x-ray based cased wellbore simultaneous tubing and casing measurement tool is also disclosed, the method including at least producing x-rays in a shaped output; measuring the intensity of backscatter x-rays returning from materials surrounding the wellbore; determining the inner and outer diameters of tubing and casing from the backscatter x-rays; and converting image data from said detectors into consolidated images of the tubing and casing.

A method for sensing an analyte uses tethered particle motion. A functionalized particle [500] has a first state [504] in which the functionalized particle is bound to the surface and a second state [502] in which the functionalized particle is not bound to the surface, where the functionalized particle switches between the first and second states depending on the presence and absence of the analyte, thereby changing motion characteristics of the functionalized particle depending on the presence of the analyte. A spatial coordinate parameter of the functionalized particle is measured by a detector [516], and a processor [518] determines the presence/concentration of the analyte from changes in the measured spatial coordinate parameter.

An analysis and observation device includes: an electromagnetic wave emitter that emits a primary electromagnetic wave; a reflective object lens having a primary mirror provided with a primary reflection surface reflecting a secondary electromagnetic wave and a secondary mirror provided with a secondary reflection surface receiving and further reflecting the secondary electromagnetic wave; first and second detectors that receive the secondary electromagnetic wave and generate an intensity distribution spectrum; and a controller that performs component analysis of a sample based on the intensity distribution spectrum. A transmissive region through which the primary electromagnetic wave is transmitted is provided at a center of the secondary mirror. The transmissive region transmits the primary electromagnetic wave, which has been emitted from the electromagnetic wave emitter and passed through an opening of the primary mirror, thereby emitting the primary electromagnetic wave along an analysis optical axis of the reflective object lens.

Embodiments of the disclosure include systems and methods for detection of background and foreground radiances captured by a multispectral imaging device. In some embodiments, a multispectral imaging device may generate a plurality of images of the same field of view, wherein the images may be captured at a variety of wavelengths. These images may be processed to identify any incidents, such as fire and/or gas leaks, within the field of view of the imaging device.

Embodiments of the disclosure include systems and methods for detection of background and foreground radiances captured by a multispectral imaging device. In some embodiments, a multispectral imaging device may generate a plurality of images of the same field of view, wherein the images may be captured at a variety of wavelengths. These images may be processed to identify any incidents, such as fire and/or gas leaks, within the field of view of the imaging device.

An imaging system for imaging live biological systems comprises a detector array (12a) having an optical axis (X-X) and arranged to detect light and output detector signals, a support (10) arranged so support a biological system on the optical axis, an illuminating light source (16) located off the optical axis and arranged to direct at least partially-coherent light towards the biological system, and processing means (18) arranged to receive the detector signals and generate image data.

An imaging system for imaging live biological systems comprises a detector array (12a) having an optical axis (X-X) and arranged to detect light and output detector signals, a support (10) arranged so support a biological system on the optical axis, an illuminating light source (16) located off the optical axis and arranged to direct at least partially-coherent light towards the biological system, and processing means (18) arranged to receive the detector signals and generate image data.

Methods are disclosed for tethering a biological entity to a substrate comprising: (a) forming a supported lipid bilayer on a surface of a substrate, wherein the supported lipid bilayer comprises an anchor molecule conjugated to a first affinity tag that is present in the lipid bilayer at a concentration greater than or equal to 5 mole percent; and (b) contacting the supported lipid bilayer with a biological entity, wherein the biological entity comprises an nonlinear-active label and a second affinity tag capable of binding to the first affinity tag, thereby tethering the biological entity to the supported lipid bilayer in an oriented fashion.